Product Identification

In taking the business global identification policies are needed due to the magnitude and complexity of promoting organic products. Product identification can work well for a business that wants to emphasize the quality of the product. Kathy will have to consider a rapid marketing plan because of the freshness of her organic foods. Kathy Kudler has to decide on how to promote and differentiate her line of organic foods from different organic products in Brazil. Kudler foods can use a slogan, the trademark, the brand name, and trade character to identify the organic products. Kathy has already made a name for Kudler Foods in California by providing customers with the finest selections of the very best foods. The Kudler Fine Foods brand can continue in Brazil as long and Kudler upholds a high quality of food and services. Justification Taking a business global, requires identification polices because of the complexity of expanding opportunities for use, and finding new niches. The demand for organic foods is still very low in Brazil (Ebrahimi, 2008). The growth expectations for the domestic market have caused the companies to diversify organic products. Kudler Fine Foods would have to search for raw materials suppliers who have small production scale; this will cause the products to become more expensive. Organic products may be more expensive the some of the similar conventional products. Besides the low demand for organic foods market in Brazil there is not much knowledge of organic foods in this country. The limited access to information is restricted to customers and suppliers. Kudler Fine Food will face difficulties, but overcoming the challenges Kudler Fine Foods can expect a bright future.

Many researches Essay

Many researches have been conducted with regards to the effect of a particular plant or animal in the environment. These organisms are also called invasive species and are considered as one major factor of ecological imbalance and the increased deterioration of the balance in natural resources. This variety of animals poses harm on other species which can lead to a gradual decrease in population and even extinction if the problem will not be addressed properly. As a response by scientists specializing in the field of biology and ecosystem, they have made in-depth studies to be able to come up with the possible solution for the problem. One clear example of this situation is the effect of a particular freshwater fish known as the black bullhead and its adverse effect in the biodiversity and ecological harmony in European freshwaters. Having a scientific name Ameiurus melas, this fish was not native in Europe but from North America. Previous studies were conducted and claimed considered the increase in population of this fish specie as an imminent threat against the local fish species in the said region. Moreover, further proliferation of this non-local fish can lead to imbalance in the ecological harmony among preys and local predators that can be found in European waters. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of black bullhead to the predatory performance of the local predator pike with a scientific name Esox Lucius L. The study was made in the year 2006 where the researchers set up individual containers with different experimental treatments. The study was made during the autumn season where the researchers chose equal weights and sizes of black bullheads and pikes. They prepared containers containing equal amounts of water and other parameters needed in setting up an artificial ecosystem. The researchers then acquired enough amounts of roach for each basin which is the prey of both the black bullhead and the pike and systematically treated each container. One container was placed with roach but no predators while another container was filled with the roach and black bullhead only. Another container was filled with roach and pike only and another basin was filled with the prey and both predators. Turbidity was also varied in each container, one with low and another basin with high turbidity. Afterwards, careful and thorough observations were made concerning the entire experimental set up. With the use of statistical and mathematical tools in analyzing the results of the experiments, the researchers prepared and came up with the result of the study. One of the results of the study is that the prey consumption on the containers with pike alone and both bullhead and pike has little discrepancies. This result suggests that pike’s consumption was less when mixed with bullhead compared when there is only pike in the area. Many factors were accounted with regards to the research output like the direct struggle between the two distinct predators and even behavioral intrusions of the bullhead on the pike predator. Another research finding is that turbidity has no significant effect on the efficiency of the pike, disproving the claims that water transparency has a major effect on the performance of the local predators. The study was conducted with finesse and used appropriate mathematical tools in interpreting data. However, more researches should still follow in a large-scale setting and in a natural habitat location to be able to come up with a more reliable research output. Though the research presented good and unbiased results, further study should pursue in the same objective to be able to support the claims of the study made with more research parameters to consider. References Kreutzenberger, K. , Leprieur, F. & Brosse, S. †The Influence of the invasive black bullhead Ameiurus melas on the predatory efficiency of pike Esox Lucius L. † Journal of Fish Biology (2008) 73, 196–205. Retrieved on April 22, 2009. Retrieved from http://fabienlep. free. fr/leprieur/Leprieur_JFishBiol_2008. pdf

Are Online Services Responsible for an Increase in Bullying and Assignment - 1

Are Online Services Responsible for an Increase in Bullying and Harassment Responses - Assignment Example Your reason for selecting the better argument is strong, as it relates the audience to the subject. The rationale is also consistent with the scope of qualitative approach to data collection, analysis, and reporting that develops an in-depth understanding of a subject matter. Using a real life experience, Penny depicts the reality of the threat of online services as a factor to bullying and harassment. This does not however means that the services are responsible for bullying and harassment because of the active role that Gary played, and he could play the role without online services. Even though you identify Leisring’s argument as the better of the two, you do not offer comparative rationale. It may also be difficult for the audience to identify this position because of the structure of the post that presents your position deep into the paper and as a conclusion. Communicating the main point first would improve the post. Your personal opinion is consistent with reality and the recommendation may be effective in controlling effects of online services on bullying and harassment

Joblessness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Joblessness - Essay Example Apart form the recession, dynamic changes like globalization and free trade has had a negative impact on the employment situation in the United States. Jobs have been outsourced at the cost of employment back home, leaving many people in a state of joblessness. This paper studies the impact of joblessness among the middle and upper aged population in the United States with reference to sociological perspectives. Middle aged joblessness results in financial and psychological stress, but has one advantage in the sense that such persons are better equipped to teach their children how to cope in the ‘new risk economy’. During the course of this research, four arguments will be discussed. The first one is that, the new risk economy is harsher on middle aged and older employees with regard to being jobless. The second is that, in times of recession in the economy, qualification, experience and age is given preference over youth and lack of experience. The third argument is that joblessness will lead to lower levels of commitment and will result in unemployed middle aged and older workers to become free agents. The fourth is that the life course of the jobless has changed drastically when shifting from the Fordist era to the new risk economy era. According to Goldsmith et al, unemployment has two adverse effects on the society, the economy, and the individual and their families. For them, â€Å"one is the output foregone that could have been produced if unemployed workers had been productively employed. The second is the psychological damage suffered by unemployed workers and their families† ( Goldsmith, Veum & Darity, 1996). Companies are now looking at minimizing costs in order to remain competitive, and one of the ways in which this is accomplished is through reduction in the number of employees. Increasing globalization coupled with

Healthcare Programs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Healthcare Programs - Essay Example TRICARE represents the healthcare program utilizing military healthcare systems as the main providers. This program is funded and supported through civilian providers and facilities, and includes provision of healthcare services to military personnel and their families of the USA, past or presently active. The introduction of tricare was primarily a strategy in the eighties and the nineties, in response to the increased healthcare costs in the USA, as well as the changes in the modernization trends. Tricare was perceived to be a feasible and economic way to save costs while improving access and choice to healthcare services. The development of TRICARE has expanded significantly, and has now come to be a part of 40% of the USA hospitals. Increasingly high numbers of healthcare personnel and providers now form a part of the TRICARE provision team. (Carrato, 2003) The effectiveness of Tricare is very evident if comparing to other healthcare systems such as CHAMPVA. The differences run from basic infrastructures of the plans. While TRICARE, formerly CHAMPUS, is a medical insurance program carried out by the department of defense, CHAMPVA is run through VA. The members differ with regards to their status as retired or non retired from military services, tricare being entertaining to the retired personnel. CHAMPVA restricts itself to those who are either 100% disabled personnel, or either dead. This does not to be so for tricare patients. CHAMPVA does not entertain veterans, which forms a large part of the tricare members. Also, CHAMPVA has rules about access and obtaining of prescriptions. The above mentioned differences help to understand some of the key differences that make tricare a much superior healthcare program over others. (Tricare for life, 2001) Tricare has many services at its disposal, which are both comprehensive as well as targeted in their approach to diseases. The triple option benefit in the system allows the enrollment of many people with a wide range of healthcare services. Now it has become active in the advanced medical areas of cancers, along with including age old programs of immunizations etc. The scope of tricare therefore is very vast, with much promise of improvement. Tricare gives these services through a range of programs, which include the Prime Preventive Services, the Pharmacy Program, and Dental Coverage etc. Tricare has proven its worth through its impressive reports of its performances. Perhaps the most demonstrative of Tricare's effectiveness is looking at the claims processing capacity and the speed with which these are carried out. Around 755 of the claims are addressed within 21 days of being placed, an impressive statement of the quality and the efficiency of Tricare. (Bailey, 1999) With the pr ojected increase of health costs by7.3% by the year 2011, Tricare's potential role in reducing these costs is highly promising. (Carrato, 2003) One of the proof that tricare has shown constant delivery with respect to healthcare is its successful maintenance of its enrollment fee. The active duty members have almost no costs for care, which is provided in the military settings. Pay for a service is very high

Management strategy of Apple Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Management strategy of Apple - Case Study Example This research will begin with the presentation of the threat of new entrants. Even though there are great opportunities for emerging companies to compete in the personal computer industry, it is controlled by the five super powers; Apple, Sony, HP, Dell, and Gateway. Hence, Apple plays in an oligopolistic market environment. Probably, the significant challenge to the industry would be a large number of mergers and buyouts prevailing among these industrial movers. They are able to bring together their cost on research and development in order to gain an advantage over others. This process leads to greater competition between the smaller organizations which try to create superior products and bigger companies which generally take up the smaller ones to develop their competitive edge. Implementation of anti-trust agreements within the computer industry does not allow imposters to introduce products of similar types into the market, and so the threat of substitute products and services i s not significant within the industry. On the other hand, the issue that creates a greater threat is the global production of computers. Today, the United States of America is the leader in producing computers in the industry with Japan and Europe as the other key players in the industry. Unlike the other industries where suppliers hold a power over the manufacturers, the computer industry allows the manufacturers to hold a significant amount of power over suppliers. Here the suppliers are competitive in order to maintain exclusive association with the manufactures for supplying their products. And so, they are always forced to adjust their prices or associate with larger firms for surviving the competition. 4. The threat of the bargaining power of buyers The bargaining power of buyers determines the effect that a company’s customers can have on the profitability of the business. Even though the computer industry is getting harder day by day, customers do not possess a greater bargaining power, and hence that does not drastically impact the industry. 5. Industry Rivalry When observing the computer industry with regard to the industry rivalry, it is found that the above said five leading manufacturers are in competition to bring out the most efficient and least expensive machines. Strategic Group Mapping Firms belonging to same strategic group will be having two or more competitive characteristics in common, like selling in same price/quality range, covering same geographic areas, being vertically integrated to same degree, having comparable product line breadth, etc. Obviously, as Huff, Floyd, Sherman and Terjesen (cited in executivemanagementskills.com) point out, firms operating under the same strategic group may possess some common competitive features such as pricing policies, product diversification, and level of vertical integration. Following is the strategic group map for the computer industry (see figure 1). Strategic Group Map (Figure 1. Source: Bamford and West, 123). 2. Apple’s Strategy Apple uses a corporate-level of strategy of competing on many different levels. As Boddie states, Apple follows a comprehensive corporate level strategy through which it competes on different levels.

Reading Responses and Replies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Reading Responses and Replies - Essay Example First, the writer does a good job of displaying why he suits for the job position. He goes ahead to demonstrate the value he would bring to the company. The writer gives excellent tips of enhancing confidence to the employer. This catches the employer’s attention to evaluate the need of recruiting a strong applicant who is ready to bring growth to the company. Secondly, while concluding, he displays his confidence by stating that he regards to meet the employer. This demonstrates confidence in his skills and abilities that he would succeed to get the job. Nevertheless, listing out his accomplishments was wrong since this suited a resume. Mostly, most employers regard a cover letter that is one page in length therefore; it would be displeasing to list out the list of accomplishment. The writer could have summarized his list of accomplishment in one or two sentences to grasp the reader’s attention. The writer failed to use the correct format of cover letter. The use of bu llets display lack of professionalism as the use of listing seemed unnecessary. Though bullet points augment easy reading, it should not be present in the formal business letter. There is a lot we can learn from this letter but few things can be improved as mentioned above. Work Cited Purdue University. Business Wring Engli

HRD Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

HRD - Essay Example However, in accomplishing this particular objective of long-run sustainability, employee absenteeism rate is argued as a major challenge for Human Resource Managers (HRM) that is quite likely to result in declining productivity of the organisation, increasing conflicts amid the employees and hindered sustainability of the entire organisation (Cascio & Boudreau, 2010). Emphasising the severity of the effects of absenteeism, the discussion henceforth focuses on examining the issue on the basis of critical theoretical explanation. In this regard, various relevant theories have been considered in order to evaluate the factors that contribute towards the increasing the number of employees’ absenteeism rate in the modern day context. Employees’ Absenteeism Rate Employee absenteeism is often attributed as one of the most serious and challenging issues prevailing in organisations today. It is evident that employees are among the key assets for HRM in context to their operationa l efficiency and sustainability. Efficient and dedicated performances of the employees result in higher productivity, which further tends to have favourable impacts on the operations of the business. Conversely, inefficient performance of employees has often been observed to have led to lower productivity, which further contribute to a continuous decline in the company performance altogether. Absenteeism is viewed as a habitual pattern of absence deciphered by employees obstructing them from executing their responsibilities in the most effective manner. It is worth mentioning in this context that according to the modern managerial notion, high absenteeism rate of employees in workplace is often attributed as a by-product of poor work satisfaction owing to lack of motivation and morale (Cascio & Boudreau, 2010). To gain a comprehensive understanding on the increasing rate of employee absenteeism, certain relevant theories and concepts have been explained in the discussion below. Soci al Learning Theory of Employee Self-management Social Learning theory is a particular concept that has been applied in the workplace with the intention to encourage employees towards obtaining adequate learning experiences in their working process. This theory can be observed to be directly relevant with the behaviour and psychology of the employees. The theory basically states that people in the society learn mostly through their personal experiences that are acquired by their presences among others or through social interactions to be more precise. The theory further depicts that people in the society mainly learn by imitating or by observing the approach or actions of others. It is deemed that this theory have both positive and negative aspects associated with it in context to the workplace attitude of employees (French, 2011). According to Bandura (1971), employees in the workplace learn from others in a particular process, which includes attention, retention, reproduction and m otivation. Employees in the workplace is deemed to pay attention to what others do, often without judging the interpersonal differences or the after-effects of such a behaviour. As per the Social Learning theory, absenteeism habits of other employees might also be considered as a factor that attracts employees in the workplace and causes negative effects on their performances. As per this theory, the

A Summary on a Mother Essay Example for Free

A Summary on a Mother Essay Salam, I’m Fatin Nur Aisyah bt Kamaruzaman. Today, I want to share with you about the important person in my life. Since I was born, and until today, there are no one can replace her place in my heart. For me, she is very special. Although sometimes I make she cry, she never hate me. She never feels tired to love me. The person that loves me so much is my mother. (TUNJUK SLIDE). This is my loving mother. Her full name is Noriah bt Muda. She was born on 17 August 1959 at Kampung Paya, Marang, Terengganu. She is the middle daughter out of three siblings. On 1966, she entered a primary school at Sekolah Kebangsaan Marang. After that, she entered a secondary school at Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Marang. In secondary school, she be more active and join all of the school activity. She started join the sport and became an athlete. After finished school, she learned about silat. She also entered MARA Institution for two years to learning about the handicrafts. If she has a free time, she will teach children to read Quran. When she was 22 years old, she got married with my father, Kamaruzaman Ismail. And now, after 32 years married, she has 8 children, 4 boys and 4 girls. She never tired to take care of her family. Although she only a housewife, she successfully teach their children until all of them success in their life. I hope I can be like her, be a strong person, an honest person and caring about family. Even though my mother finished her school at form three, I still proud of her. I love my mom. There are the quotes that saying, â€Å"Although there are many mothers in the world, it cannot be same with our own mother† and â€Å"Although there are many delicious foods, the mom’s cooking is always the best†. Before I ending my speech today, let me show you a video. I hope you will enjoy this song. (LEPAS VIDEO) That’s all my speech today. Thank you.

An acceptable defense Essay Example for Free

An acceptable defense Essay Insanity: Insanity defense has been considered by many as a â€Å"loophole† in the law allowing a number of guilty people to be set free. However, this so-called â€Å"loophole† does rarely set people free of criminal charges. Moreover, most of the cases involving insanity defense are murder cases. Many scholars, judges, attorneys and clinicians are said to be divided concerning the definition of insanity. In reality, though, it is not possible for them to be truly divided concerning the definition of insanity seeing that clinicians today have modernized means of determining a person’s mental state by means of psychological testing and interviews. What is more, psychologists are aware that there are neurological processes affecting a person’s mental state. Hence, brain scans can easily be used to understand the physiological condition of an individual charged with murder. Even the history of insanity will be made available through such brain scans, seeing that there is a genuine difference between the neurological processes of people showing abnormal and normal behavior. Therefore, scholars, judges, and attorneys must know that their understanding of the definition of insanity is irrelevant if clinicians are available with scientific evidence of insanity of an individual charged with murder. Given that psychological testing too is scientific, there should be no â€Å"loophole† whatsoever in this area. As a matter of fact, insanity is an acceptable defense. Eric Michael Clark shot a police officer to death because he was suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and believed that aliens were stalking him. According to the law of Arizona concerning insanity defense, the man had to prove with â€Å"clear and convincing† evidence that he was too mentally ill to know that he was wrong to murder an innocent police offer. The Supreme Court got involved in Clark’s case. Fortunately, the man was backed by the American Psychiatric Association in addition to the American Psychological Association – two entities based on true scientific principles. Most states of America have differing laws regarding insanity defense. Now with the support of both the American Psychiatric Association as well as the American Psychological Association – who believe in helping out mentally ill individuals that have been charged with murder although their mental health is not in their control – it is hoped that the states of America will work on a single law on insanity defense in order to make the â€Å"loophole† in the law completely vanish. This single law would also make insanity defense cases more straightforward than before. After all, abnormal psychology is a science which has made it clear that there is an illness called paranoid schizophrenia, and there are many people suffering from illusions, delusions, and hallucinations. To doubt that these people are ill is, in fact, insanity as well as a sin. This is because we will be depriving of treatment a lot of mentally ill folks if we do not even believe that they are mentally ill. And, what if these people enter jails to commit more murders? What if they kill themselves in prison after they have been unlawfully charged with crime? Whose responsibility would that be? In point of fact, mentally ill people require immediate healing instead of punishment. Besides, putting them through court trials may be worsening their mental condition. Many people who oppose the insanity defense have assumed that mental illness is a myth, and that those who label others as mentally ill are actually imposing violence and control on people. Thomas Ssasz argued that psychologists and psychiatrists use such labels only to make political and ethical decisions. It can be argued, however, that people who are unaware of the scientific basis of abnormal behavior are ignorant at best. Such people are the reason why books on the history of abnormal psychology claim that in the olden times people killed numerous mentally ill people simply because they were mentally ill. There was no treatment for such people, and nobody cared enough to stand for their right to be treated. Slowly but surely, future generations began to believe in the reality of mental illness. ‘Humane treatment’ of the mentally ill was suggested as a cure. Today, however, we are abusing the principles of ‘humane treatment’ by putting the mentally ill people through prolonged court trials. It would be best, therefore, for society to acknowledge that first of all, psychology is a science just as much as biology; and psychologists and psychiatrists are qualified to determine the mental condition of an individual. If, in fact, mental illness were a myth, the Supreme Court and everybody else involved in insanity defense trials would have worked on also closing down mental hospitals as well as the clinics of the well-educated psychologists and psychiatrists, who happen to know their science more than lawmakers would ever be expected to understand psychology. The fact that the government has not closed down psychiatric clinics and mental hospitals shows that society at large does instinctively believe in the reality of mental illness and realizes how painful it can be. Hence, it is utterly useless to argue against the insanity defense. Bibliography Lane, Charles. â€Å"Supreme Court to Review Insanity Defense. † Washington Post. April 20, 2006. â€Å"The Insanity Defense,† Cyber Essays, http://www. cyberessays. com/Politics/126. htm, Accessed 4 May 2007. â€Å"The Insanity Goes On,† Crime Library (2007), http://www. crimelibrary. com/criminal_mind/psychology/insanity/11. html, Accessed 4 May 2007.

Influence of the Chinese in International Relations

Influence of the Chinese in International Relations When one refers to country like China the first thing which comes into mind is country of old civilisation and hard work. The word China or Shina in Chinese means the middle country and is pronounced as Zhon Ghua. It is in a reference to the Chinese faith that their state was the geographical epicenter of the earth and the oldest true evolution of humankind. One of the most noteworthy growths after the cold war is perhaps the rapid progress in Chinas economic potential and the subsequent national power it has begun to exert. Since the initiation of economic reforms and trade liberalization 30 years ago, China has been the worlds fastest growing economies and emerged as a major economic trade power. The Chinese economy has been maintaining an average growth rate of about eight percent per annum for the last two decades. Today China has become the second largest economy in the world.  [1]  The concurrent modernisation of the Peoples Liberation Army would enable China to assert its perceived rightful place in near future, as the next super power after the United States of America. The late eighties in last century saw a lot of political and economic changes, Iran- Iraq war, unification of Germany and the rise of concept of European Union which itself was changing the world order. The most important of the event was disintegration of erstwhile Soviet Union in 1991 which resulted in disassembling of the bipolar formation. This resulted in emergence of a unipolar world which was totally dominated by the United States of America (USA). During the early nineties though the USA was sole super power in the world, China was seen as the potential to emerge as rising economic and military power who is going to bring bi/multi polarity in near future. Ever since its creation the Peoples Republic of China has sought to increase its power in relation to its regional neighbours and other international powers, especially the United States and the now defunct Soviet Union. It did not take long for the Chinese Communists to amply demonstrate their importance in regional and international stability with their intervention in the Korean War. As Chinas invasions of Tibet and Vietnam demonstrate its Communist regime will take military action when it considers it necessary. However to a large extent Chinas rise has been based upon avoiding military actions although it is not averse to causing regional and international instability. Whilst China has attempted successfully to become a major economic power it has not reduced its powerful armed forces, or stopped its support for rogue states and that does worry its neighbours, especially Taiwan. The realists who express concerns about the threat posed by Chinas rise claim it is potentially dange rous due to the decline of the United States and its own unpredictable foreign policy, not to mention its backing of countries that are also determined to undermine global stability.2 Chinas Growing Influence on International Relationship One of the greatest challenges the West now faces is how to get China, a habitual free rider, to pull its weight on international issues. Ever since the country reemerged as a great power in the last decade, the United States and Europe have courted it, hoping that if Chinas leaders felt they held a stake in the existing world order, they would work to sustain it. But things havent worked out that way. The recent Chinese hacker attack on Google, which underscored Beijings efforts to suppress information, was only the latest example of Chinas rejection of global norms. At the Copenhagen climate conference in December 2009, the countrys opposition to mandatory carbon cuts helped eviscerate an agreement. Economically, Chinas refusal to strengthen its currency is threatening the global recovery. On Iran, Beijing has repeatedly rebuffed the Wests call for tougher measures, putting its own interests (Tehran is one of its key energy suppliers) above nonproliferation. The more likely explana tion for the countrys obstreperousness is that despite its rise, China is no more comfortable with the Western-led international system now than it was 10 years ago. The Communist Party still openly rejects democracy and human rights, and U.S. leadership is viewed as a reality-but an illegitimate and unfortunate one. Yet the days when China can have it both ways-freeload on global public goods while enjoying international respect-are about to end. Disillusionment with its self-serving policies is setting in. As Google shows, even some multinational corporations are beginning to openly challenge Beijing, and many more are secretly applauding Googles defiance. Similarly, Western governments are cracking down, levying anti-dumping charges against Chinese exports and contemplating other retaliatory measures if Beijing keeps its current exchange-rate policy. Chinas image has also taken a beating because of its lack of cooperation on climate change. The Beijings response to any international problem has been, first we will help our self then we will help the world. The result is emerging tension between the international community and China. Become of the huge economic rise of China, she has become a truly global actor. Is Beijing ready for global leadership? Is a question which keeps haunting the international community. Chinas policy makers regularly point out that their foreign policy serves domestic goals of reform and development. The world wants China to do more while Beijing gingerly gropes its way forward with its newfound status, influence, responsibilities, expectations and constraints.4 China and South Asia: Implication on India Chinas increasing interest and engagement in South Asia, Including in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) has been manifest in recent years. Indeed, the Chinese invariable asserts China is linked to South Asia by mountains and rivers. However, the Chinese occupation of Tibet and declaring certain parts of India and Bhutan as part of China raises suspicion over her influence in Asia. The twenty-first century has the potential to be known as the Asian Century. India and China are simultaneously gaining salience in the international relations. The unfriendly foreign approach of China especially, covert support of military and nuclear hardware to Pakistan, staple visas to Kashmir, growing military bases all around Indian border and unresolved border dispute has been seen as a threat to Indian peace and economic growth. How does India deal with growing influence of China in around its neighbouring countries? Is a big challenge for India. Statement of the Problem Post disintegration of erstwhile Soviet Union, the impressive rise of China as an economic and military power has resulted in changes to the unipolar world dominated by USA and lead to the formation of a bi/multi polar world. China has grown as great actor, in influencing international relationship. This paper seeks to analyse the effect of Chinas rise as an economic and military power and its role in the international relationship, including the impact on India. Justification of the Study The end of this century has seen sleeping dragon as phenomena, the rise of a major economic and military power of the world. She has already become the second largest economy in the world. The Chinas growth and its influence on economic powers of the world, its strategic collaboration with various countries have changed the new world order. China as an economic and military power has result in changes to the unipolar world dominated by USA and lead to the formation of a bi/multi polar world. Her status permanent member of the United Nation Security Council (UNSC), most power member of World Trade Organisation and Association of South East Asian Nation indicates her potential national power and influence on the international relationship. Considering the Chinas growing demand of Oil, food grains and natural resources, she is mainly dependent on Africa and littoral countries of Indian Ocean region. China understands the importance of geo-strategic position India in an Indian Ocean region and capability of India to choke the trade routes. Therefore China is influencing her relationship in South Asian region in a big way, by establishing military and economic bases in an around India. Hypothesis Post disintegration of erstwhile Soviet Union, the impressive rise of China as an economic and military power has resulted in a major impact on the growing influence of China on international relationship. The growing interest of China in Africa and South Asia, her perception of India as her potential competitor in new world order has great impact on her relationship with India. Scope The scope of the dissertation is intended to be limited as under: (a) Rising Red Dragon. In this section it is intended to analyse Chinas rising power as economic and military giant. (b) China and its influence on World. In this section, it is intended to study the various measures taken by China to influence international relationship, her positive or negative impact on world order, is she ready for global leadership? (c) Chinas impact in South Asia. In this section, it is intended to bring out the impact of Chinas rise as a super power in South Asia and her dependence of Indian Ocean region. (d) Sino-Indian Relationship. In this section, it is intended to analyse the impact of greater Chinese influence in South Asia on India, her strategy to keep the economic and military rise of India under her influence. Methods of Data Collection The information for this dissertation has been gathered through study of various books, periodicals and journals available at Defence Services Staff College (DSSC) library. Bibliography of the sources is appended at the end of the text. In addition the medium of INTERNET has also been exploited extensively to gather latest information on the subject. Organisation of the Dissertation It is proposed to study the subject under the following sections: (a) Introduction and Methodology. (b) Rise of Sleeping Dragon. (c) Chinas Growing impact on international relations in the new world order. (d) Chinese impact in South Asia. (e) Sino India relationship. (f) Conclusion.

Cocaine :: essays research papers

Cocaine Early on in his career, Eric Clapton seemed to have a difficult time sticking to one band. He played with the Yardbirds, John Mayall’s Bluesbreakers, Blind Faith, Delaney & Bonnie & Friends, and Cream. But throughout all the time he spent with each of those bands, no solo work was ever thought of until 1970. It was in 1970 that Clapton launched his solo career with his self-titled debut album. His first album had only one real hit, so to speak, with â€Å"After Midnight,† but is still regarded as one of his better works. Many felt that it was more of a D&B&F album,that merely featured Clapton on guitar. This was due to the amount of time he had been spending with the group, after he went â€Å"solo.† Before his debut album was ever released, Clapton had formed a band with some of the D&B&F members called Derek and the Dominos. He played with them for most of 1970. In 1971 and 1972, Clapton was not heard from, at least not musically, as he was battling a heroin addiction that cut two years out of his early work. But, on January 13, 1973, Clapton stormed back with a live performance at the Rainbow Theatre in London. That spawned his next record, â€Å"Eric Clapton’s Rainbow Concert,† which, obviously, featured live performances. It wasn’t until a few months later, in 1974, when Clapton had a substantial solo career, with the release of â€Å"461 Ocean Boulevard.† That record had the number one single, â€Å"I Shot the Sheriff,† which is still a popular song to this day. In 1975 and 1976, Clapton released three records, as follow-ups to â€Å"461 Ocean Boulevard.† â€Å"There’s One in Every Crowd,† â€Å" E.C. Was Here,† (live) and â€Å"No Reason to Cry,† respectively, had no where near the success of his previous album. But, thankfully, in 1977, Clapton released â€Å"Slowhand,† which had mega-hits with â€Å"Lay Down Sally,† â€Å"Wonderful Tonight,† (which was a million seller) and â€Å"Cocaine.† Originally written by country-rocker J.J. Cale (who also wrote â€Å"After Midnight†), â€Å"Cocaine† was a bluesy-soul-rock song that, essentially, was about what Cocaine can do for you, and gave tips about what to do while high on Cocaine. If you wanna hang out you’ve got to take her out; cocaine. If you wanna get down, down on the ground; cocaine. She don’t lie, she don’t lie, she don’t; cocaine. If you got bad news, you wanna kick them blues; cocaine.

HOLOCAUST Essay -- Essays Papers

HOLOCAUST As tensions mounted up until the point of World War II and the war stormed through Europe, another battle silently raged. Not only did Hitler and the Nazi party wage war on countries throughout Europe, they also assaulted and purged entire innocent groups. The Holocaust began in 1933 and reached its height in WW II, while coming to an end with the war in 1945. Hitler used the Holocaust as a mechanism to rid his "racially superior" German state of any "inferior" groups (especially Jews) that would be of some threat or sign of inferiority to Germany. As a result of the Holocaust, millions of men, women, and children of various national, ethnic, and social backgrounds died or had their lives impacted forever. In 1933 Adolph Hitler became the Chancellor of the German government, and he and his Nazi regime came into power. At this time, Hitler also instated the Nazi racial ideology. These ideas emphasized that the Germans or Aryan race was superior to the non-Aryan peoples who were not part of the German heritage. Those who were not racially pure were on different levels. Most Slavic individuals were considered "subhuman" as were those who led unconventional lifestyles or were physically or mentally impaired. At the bottom of the list were the Jews who were considered to be a non- human race. The Holocaust began in the year of 1933. Although it effected diverse groups, the Jews received most of the abuse from the Holocaust. In 1933, there were approximately nine million Jews living in the 21 countries that would be occupied by Hitler and the Nazis during WW II ( The Holocaust). Hitler s... ...gled them into neutral territory. By the end of World War II approximately six million Jews were killed in the Holocaust, along with hundreds of thousands of Slavs and 250,000 mentally and physically handicapped. The Holocaust left many innocent slaughtered and those who escaped with a lasting imprint of oppression and murder. The impressions of the Holocaust continue to effect these groups and our societal outlook even today. WORKS CITED - Bartoszewski, W. The Warsaw Ghetto. Boston: Beacon Press, 1987. - Bauer, Y. A History of the Holocaust. New York: Franklin, 1976. - Fleming, G. Hitler and the Final Solution. Berkley: University California Press, 1982. - The Holocaust: An Historical Summary. http://www.ushmm.org/misc- bin/add. (28 February 1998).

Love and Tradition in “Marriage Is a Private Affair”

Marriage traditions vary greatly throughout the world. In some cultures, people’s marriages are traditionally arranged by their parents. In others cultures, the partners make their own choice. This diversity in tradition causes many conflicts within the family as well as in the culture group. A great example of marriage and its importance to different cultures is the story by Chinua Achebe, â€Å"Marriage is a Private Affair. † The story takes place in Africa, a country of great cultural diversity. Old traditions continue to govern life in Nigerian villages, where parents often play a decisive role in choosing mates for their children. In the cities, however, modern practices displace many of the village traditions, including the role of parent as a mate finder. The tension between old and new ways of living sometimes creates conflict within families, especially between generations. The following story focuses on a conflict between a father and son about the choice of the son’s marriage partner. Despite of the strong devotion to the tradition, Okeke the father can hardly resist the love of his family. Firstly, the tradition plays a very important role in that story. Okeke is an old man, who lives in a Nigerian village, where the traditions have very important role in people’s lives. He is first introduced to the readers from the very beginning of the story in a conversation between Nene and Nnaemeka. Although this conversation reveals little about his character, we think of him as an authoritarian father. And, as a traditional Ibo, he does not accept the couple's engagement. For example, â€Å"They are most unhappy if the engagement is not arranged by them† (258) shows Nnaemeka fear of his father’s disapproval of their marriage. As a result, the conversation between Okeke and his son shows both Okeke's deep disappointment and firm objection. After this conversation Okeke does not talk to his son for eight years. This is another example of Okeke’s loyalty of his people’s tradition. As a result, he never accepts his son’s wife: â€Å"I shall never see her† (260). Okeke's actions show the reader that the tradition is stronger than amily relationships. On the other hand, despite of Okeke’s cold description in the first part of the story, he changes his thoughts after he reads the letter from Nene. Nene, his daughter-in-law, sends him a letter and the night after he reads the letter, Achebe points out that Okeke â€Å"hardly slept from remorse and a vague fear that he might die without making it up to his gran dchildren† (262). This conclusion to the story hints that the grandchildren would bring these two generations back together again. In conclusion, this story is a great example of the strong traditions in different cultures that can be stopped only with the great power of a loving family. Nnaemeka’s father was so devoted to the tradition to understand his son’s feelings or the consequences of having grandchildren that he would might never know. The letter that informs him about his grandsons breaks him down and lets the reader think of the happy ending of the story. Achebe teaches us to realize that love can conquer even the strongest traditions.

Television Impact On On Presidential Elections

I do believe that television has had a positive impact on presidential elections. In modern times there is a need for television for these types of events. The authors mentioned agreed with the fact that television has had a positive impact on presidential elections. One source, Source D, is a chart of the ratings for presidential debates. I believe that television has had a positive impact on presidential elections because the world has changed in recent years, the people have changed, there is a trust in the people who are on television, and there is a more honest aspect when someone sees it themselves.I believe that television has been a positive impact for presidential elections because the world has changed into more modern times. Most people will agree that people today use technology for almost everything, presidential elections are no different. Watching a debate on television rather than over the radio has more of an impact in the fact that watching someone delivering a spee ch is much different than simply hearing it. When you can see a person and their actions, you can have a better understanding on whether or not that person is trustworthy.Because of this, there is a more honest aspect when you can observe who is giving a speech over just hearing it or hearing other people talk about it. This is positive because you can make better judgments about a person when you see them rather than just hearing them. Television has also had a positive impact on presidential elections because the people themselves have changed. In his article, â€Å"Has Television Reshaped Politics? † Source A states, â€Å"The people have once more become the nation, as they have not been since the days when we were small enough each to know his elected representative.As we grew, we lost this feeling of direct contact—television has now restored it. † (Campbell) The United States have grown exponentially in numbers since its beginning, and because of this one cannot truly know what came from where when it comes to these issues. The United States has grown too big in numbers to not have the technology like television to educate and allow the people to see these debates first hand. This is positive because there are too many people to not have this technology to help. The people also put their trust in people that have power.In his article, â€Å"Channels of Power: The Impact of Television on American Politics,† Source E states, â€Å"Johnson was a great believer in public opinion polls, and he knew that a recent poll had shown that the American people trusted Walter Cronkite more than any other American to â€Å"tell it the way it is. † (Ranney) Because of this, the American people placed their trust in the hands on Cronkite. They trusted him more than they did their president, and because of that President Johnson made the decision to get out of Vietnam and not run for another term as President.President Johnson knew that the American people would listen to Cronkite more than they would him. This made television positive because they could see for a fact what Cronkite had to say. The chart in Source D shows the television ratings for presidential debates. The ratings have had an overall decline as the years go on. This is because the people tend to change, and the technology is not advanced enough yet for them to be satisfied.As in the above argument, where they needed to see the candidates in order to truly have a grip on what they are saying, they now need a newer way to view the candidates in the debates for the people to have a better understanding of them. This is positive because the human race is never truly satisfied and will keep on wanting a better understanding of the things that are important to them. In conclusion, television has had a positive impact on presidential elections. It is positive because the people can make better judgments about a person when they watch them, rather than m erely hearing them.It is also positive because the population of the United States is too immense for word to get around, the people cannot afford to not have this type of technology. Another reason why it is positive is because the people generally tend to put their trust in people in power, in order to see for a fact what is true. Finally, television is positive for presidential elections because the people will keep craving for more ways to have a better understanding of the people they are voting for.

? Explain the Continued Fascination with Katherina in ‘the Taming of the Shrew’

?explain the continued fascination with Katherina in ‘The Taming of the Shrew' Audiences continue to be fascinated and relate with Katherina because of the struggles she faces with not fitting into a very concise, social mould. There's no denying that The Taming of the Shrew is patriarchy at its worst. Shakespeare presents to the audience Katherina – an intelligent, highly stubborn woman who is willing to challenge the sexist patriarchal ideologies of the 16th century. She is subjected to many things like verbal abuse, injustice and double standards, which all resonate with the audience.Katherina doesn't fit into the social convention because she challenges the ‘proper' gender roles of the 16th century. We see Katherina challenging gender conventions when she protests against being treated like a commodity in terms of marriage which at the time was like a business or financial transaction supposed to benefit the families involved. Katherina makes it clear at the be ginning of the play that she does not wish to be married to someone merely because of her dowry, much to Bianca's despair.In Act 2 Scene 1 Baptista agrees for Petruchio to marry her. Katherina is very against the idea, twisting his words, insulting and even striking Petruchio. She is finally shocked to silence when even despite her best efforts to protest, Petruchio deceives Baptista in claiming that Katherina wants to be married to him and she â€Å"hung about my neck, and kiss on kiss She vied so fast†. Katherina also challenges gender roles in that she will willingly stand up for herself, which was very unlike any woman of the time.This did not help her case in being a ‘shrew' with a loud, ill-tempered personality and a â€Å"razor-sharp tongue†. We see this in Act 1 Scene 1 when Katherina is being openly insulted and abused by Bianca's suitors and refuses to step down and accept the fact she is being called a â€Å"devil† and a â€Å"wench†. She retaliates with speech that is witty and shreds the suitor's comments, however it was extremely out of the social practice for women. We find her challenging the roles of men and women relatable merely because of the age old contest of men verses women.Because of the very limited roles women held in this era we find that we begin to appreciate her actions in that she will stand up for what she believes is fair and right, even if it has her portrayed as an outcast. Katherina finds herself ill-equipped for the social mould of the era as she begins to make a mockery of the power struggles not only within marital relationships, but also within society. Once married, women essentially lost all legal rights and their own identity.This is why Petruchio refers to Katherina as his â€Å"goods† and his â€Å"chattels† after their marriage ceremony (Act 3 Scene 2). Katherina hates the idea of not even being able to speak her mind because of her limited power in her marriage. She says in Act 4 Scene 3 that her heart â€Å"will break† if she is silenced and unable to express her frustration about her lack of power and control over even her own wardrobe. The play forces the audience to question their assumptions and attitudes about the power dynamics particularly in romantic couples, but also with friends and relatives.We can relate to Katherina not wanting to be treated like a commodity or be stripped of her own identity and values because every one of us have felt pressure to conform to somebody else's values. Whether it be at school, home or in a romantic relationship, phrases such as â€Å"be a good girl† or â€Å"be a man† reverberates with us all and this is what Katherina attempts to overthrow in her relationship with Petruchio. Katherina is forced to deal with injustice, when she is judged and treated with unfairness, as a result of her inability to conform to social and gender conventions.The main object of Petruchio marrying Kat herina was so that he could have the challenge of ‘taming' her. This to the modern audience seems manipulative – as if Katherina is more like an animal needing to be tamed. As a modern audience we have become far more sensitive to social injustices, and so as we witness the abusive behaviour and misogynistic attitudes towards Katherina we begin to feel almost sympathetic for her misunderstood actions and feelings. It is unfair that the only way Katherina could achieve domestic tranquillity was to conform to how Petruchio wanted her to be.She is never given any choice, pretending that the sun is really the â€Å"moon† and moreover that an old man is really a â€Å"budding virgin† just to make Petruchio happy (Act 4 Scene 5). It is clear that as soon as we meet the Minola family that Baptista is clearly more favourable towards Bianca. In Act 1 Scene 1, Baptista asks Bianca to go inside with him and practice her music and books, he disregards Katherina saying â€Å"Katherina, you may stay. For I have more to commune with Bianca†. It is also in this scene that even though Katherina speaks just three times, we hear more about her than from her .This speaks of the judgemental and misunderstood nature that she is subjected to. This fascinates us because as she struggles to overcome this treatment, it becomes very relatable to the audience. The concept of fairness has become, to nearly all of us, a given right. For the characters in The Taming of the Shrew to willingly let fairness be blatantly ignored, becomes a fascinating idea to the modern day audience. Even though fairness has become a right, we have all been put into situations where fairness hasn't always been practised, and so Katherina's plight becomes relatable.Audiences continue to be fascinated with Katherina's character because of the struggles that she faces with not fitting into a very concise, social mould. The Taming of the Shrew's audience in the 16th century was one that was heavily concerned with the concepts of marriage, and so it is only natural that Shakespeare creates a character that challenges all the concepts tied to marriage entirely. Katherina takes things head on when she not only tests the boundaries of the limited roles and expectations of a female, but also won't accept the distinct power roles of a man and woman in a relationship.The play celebrates the quick-wit and strong mind of Katherina, even whilst revelling in her humiliation and unfair treatment. Whilst the social conventions have changed since the 16th century, they are still very apparent in our society, and there will always be those who test and rebuke those widely held standards. One point that is worth considering is whether or not our conventions are shaping our society for advancement, or worse for regression.

Essay on Slavery Throughout Time Essay

One might describe money as being stored up labor; therefore to make money you must simply labor. This is how industries all around the world have made money, by paying workers to labor. However if you could have your workers labor for no pay then you yourself would essentially be making free money. The appeal of this free money is why slavery has been a predominant trend throughout history. It doesn’t matter what the labor is but, there are three main types of slavery that have been present in the world and those are labor slaves, war slaves, and trafficking slaves. I predict that slavery will continue to exist in the future because the appeal of free money it is too great, wars will bring with it war slaves, humans have a natural sex drive which means there will be a steady need for trafficking, and because there will continue to be people who believe they are above other humans. The greatest account of slavery for simply labor and free money without the presence of war is the African slave trade that existed in the early Americas. Europeans would sail to Africa and bring over boat loads of African people to the Caribbean and the colonies in North America, where they were forced to labor. They would be bought by people and then would usually end up Rydalch 2 working on a plantation. The plantations would have them do a variety of tasks. The slaves would be beaten and lived in horrible conditions, some would try and escape and others would not because of the fear they had of being caught. This type of slavery of enslaving innocent people and forcing them to labor rarely exists in today’s world. In most first world countries there are laws that prevent this from happening but there may be rare occasions in other parts of the world in which this happens. The reason that slavery such as this is so appealing is mainly because of the wealth that it can bring you. It can put you in a more prestigious class without actually having the intuition to get there. I also think that some of the slave masters enjoyed there power and took pride in the fact that there were people who feared them. I think that this version of slavery will continue to diminish in the future. Warfare as been a factor of human civilization since human civilizations began and it will continue to be a factor. War can result from a number of things and it can lead to a number of things. The winner of the war however can take their land and their people. When they take the people these people could possibly become slaves of war. Many ancient civilizations captured people to be used as slaves when they were at war, such as the Egyptians. The slaves were held in a variety of conditions depending on who enslaved them. As long as there is still war in the world then there will still be slaves of war, whether they are forced to labor, used as prostitutes or are just held hostage. In the future I believe that slaves of war will not be forced to do labor but will more likely be held as hostages or forced into prostitution. Rydalch 3 The more modern issue involving slavery is not that of labor slaves or slaves of war but it is slaves of human trafficking. Human trafficking is when people are held against their will and are usually forced to do sexual acts with those who pay to do so. The reason why human trafficking can be a successful business is because humans have a natural sex drive. Human trafficking taps into this natural longing and gives people a way to pay their way to satisfaction. The people who run the trafficking don’t have to pay the women who perform the acts. That is what separates human trafficking from prostitution. This is the most predominant type of slavery in the world today because of laws that have restricted other types of slavery. People all around the world abduct girls anywhere from teenagers to adults; they then sometimes addict them to drugs or other cruel things. Most often they are forced to do sexual acts with customers. The world is taking notice to this and some things are being done to try and stop it. Google recently made huge contributions and donations to try and prevent this from happening. I however think that human trafficking will continue on into the future. Although it may not grow it will always be there because humans will always have a natural sex drive, and people will always be looking for means of satisfaction. With the African slave trade that I mentioned earlier in my paper, they were taking innocent people and putting them to work. In today’s world we would find that to be extremely unjust, unlawful, and immoral. However back when the Europeans were doing it they did not think that what they were doing was bad. They thought of themselves as being superior to the rest of the world. They thought that since the African people were of dark skin and frankly not Rydalch 4 European that they were below them and therefore taking them as their slaves was no problem whatsoever. This reason for enslaving other people rarely, if ever, exist in today’s modern world. This is because all humans have accepted that we are all the same species and that we all of certain rights. I do not see this form of slavery rising to power again in the future unless one civilization takes over the whole world, which is extremely unlikely as you may know. Over the course of following my trend of slavery I discovered many things about the different forms of slavery and the motives behind each of them. By understanding these I was able to make my predictions about whether or not I thought they would continue in the future. Many of them are nearly non existent today which provides for easy predicting of its future, while others I was not sure on. I discovered that the ultimate reason for slavery along with many other things in the world is money. Slavery provides for a way to get free money and it is not that hard to do, especially before modern laws were put in place. Today all forms of slavery are frowned upon greatly and are deemed by most morally wrong and lawfully wrong. This is why there are things being done to stop it, but no matter how many laws you pass there will still be people who try to do it. Slavery will continue to exist in the future because the appeal of free money it is too great, wars will bring with it war slaves, humans have a natural sex drive which means there will be a steady need for trafficking, and because there will continue to be people who believe they are above other humans. The worlds view on slavery might change but for the near future I see it Rydalch 5 staying the same. The modern view on slavery is clearly for the majority that it is a bad thing. However in the future it could be that slavery is accepted, but only time will tell.

Aerotoxic Syndrome

For the operation of any aircraft, there are a huge number of materials that are used and contain significant toxicities, with some hazardous ingredients. These materials need care, as some of the unwanted exposure either short term or long term may be induced some symptoms of toxicity’s toxicity indicates the possibility of the discrete occupational health condition due to the leakage of engine oil, jet fuel and seal failure etc. and additional the lower oxygen level in the cabin of planes flying at altitude, known as Aerotoxic syndrome (Michaelis, 2016). This report outlines the nature of Aerotoxic Syndrome that may affect the health of the crew member and passengers as well as affecting the stakeholders as a business point of view. The report also describes the controversies related to this syndrome and the potential solutions. It also identifies the appropriate measures to risk control regarding Aerotoxic Syndrome. The Aerotoxic Syndrome causing an effect like memory loss, blurred vision, nausea, as in flights the cabin crew and the passengers can be directly showing to touch chemicals on aircraft can produce symptoms of toxicity for a long term. The symptoms related to aerotoxic include neuropsychological effects and chemical intoxication (Hocking, 2005). Aerotoxic Syndromes presents noteworthy issues and can be directly or indirectly effects on the stakeholders of the airline industries, the following points describe the problematic effects on the stakeholders- The stakeholders want to achieve the desired goal of the business with the support of healthy staff. When the staff member is not healthy and effective, it’s not an easy for the stakeholders to run their business smoothly and profitably (Hocking, 2005). The airline stakeholders suffer from an Aerotoxic syndrome due to its ill effects that create an unhealthy environment for a business. The important effect on the stakeholders, due to the aerotoxic syndromes is that it affects the airline image in the market. When the pilots and cabin crew members are incapable of performing his duty during emergencies due to the Aerotoxic syndrome it may affect the image of the airline business and to the stakeholders (Ramsden, 2014). The staff members of the airlines are always worried regarding the job security, as at present Aerotoxic syndrome is a hidden problem and there are few cases that are going on in the court, little amount of compensation has been given to the airline workers affected by the syndromes (Parsons, 2011). The situation has become critical for the stakeholders regarding the job security of the workers. There is controversy over the existence of Aerotoxic Syndrome, this term and illness has been not recognized medically. The main controversy is related to the bleed-air, as all the commercial planes except Boeing uses the bleed- air system for the air breathed by the crew members and the passengers. During flight and the crew is polluted by the low-level concentration of poisonous chemicals that are coming from the engines, and this air have been blamed for causing Aerotoxic syndromes in number of pilots and the cabin crew members (Ramsden, 2014). However, the airline industry claims that there is no evidence of any connection The effective and potential solutions are needed for the controversies. Every airline company has to establish and understand a relation between exposure and chronic ill health. It is impossible in the absence of routine air quality monitoring on commercial planes and to determine about the chemicals enter the cabin and in what quantity. Hence, the better solution is to understand and have knowledge about the exposure occurrence and at which level of this exposure can be improved (Hocking, 2005). It is better to identify the hazards or the side effects of the Aerotoxic syndrome. After the identification of the hazards, it becomes easy to measure the risk control process. It is important to estimate the risk level of the syndrome and their acceptability due to containing air toxic chemicals, seal leakage problem and so on. Risk evaluation is used as a priority action by the airline industry to control the problem of the Aerotoxic syndrome and to minimize health risks (Ramsden, 2014). The airline should take proper actions when their staff members request and give indications of Aerotoxic syndrome and they may be not able to fly. The actions taken by the airlines will be beneficial for their business growth as well as it may increase the faith and loyalty of the staff over airline industry. Ensure the staff members that the management takes care and concern about their health issues. The company tries to improve the quality of engines with effective new technologies. A less toxic oil formulation would be applied for the improvement of air chemicals.   Hocking, M. (2005).  Air quality in airplane cabins and similar enclosed spaces. Berlin: Springer. Michaelis, S. (2016). O27-3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Aerotoxic syndrome – fact or fallacy?  Occupational And Environmental Medicine,  73( 1), 51.-53. Parsons, P. (2011). Economic consequences of ignorance about aerotoxic syndrome.  Journal Of Biological Physics And Chemistry,  11(4), 208 Ramsden, J. (2014). Is there such a thing as aerotoxic syndrome?.  JBPC,  14(4), 113-116.

Case study group project Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Group project - Case Study Example This paper evaluates the communication issues and communication effectiveness of Mr. Porter, Mr. Weigand, and the disgruntled teacher, where they all made communication mistakes because leaders did not establish strong relationships with their subordinates, while subordinates reacted with inadequate critical thinking. The first section of the paper assesses the e-mail communications of Mr. Porter and Mr. Weigand, which both manifested a lack of responsiveness to one of the crucial roles of leadership, the role of building relationships, which could have helped them become more perceptive of the current workload of teachers and their feelings regarding additional class requirements. Mr. Porter and Mr. Weigand did not effectively communicate the importance of the new performance objectives because they did not understand the workload of their teachers and how they would respond to the new class requirement that they have to submit in a month. First, Mr. Porter did not consult with his principals and teachers regarding the new performance objectives. ... Second, Mr. Weigand should know more about the teachers’ situation, but instead, he merely forwarded an unsympathetic e-mail to his teachers. Apart from not expressing empathy, he did not have sufficient perception of his role as someone who could have at least tried to communicate with the teachers first regarding how they felt about the performance objectives (Lunenburg, 2010, p.5). As the principal, he should have been more aware of the potential impact of the performance objectives on his teachers because he should know more about the teachers’ everyday activities. Instead, he acted as if he was another Mr. Porter. Third, if I would put myself in the position of these teachers, I would also be surprised and frustrated after getting the e-mail. The e-mail had a demanding tone and unrealistic perception of teachers’ workload. It would certain get angry responses because it did not consider its effects on teachers, who already had regular tasks and activities. T hus, Mr. Porter and Mr. Weigand failed to build a strong relationship with their teachers that could have given them the inkling that setting performance requirements could not be done in such a rushed manner. The second section of the paper discusses how Mr. Weigand should respond to the angry teacher, where he should reply with empathy and openness to further discussion. In his e-mail response, Mr. Weigand must sound concerned by saying that he understood her frustration and that he would open the topic for further discussion with other teachers. He must be open to suggestions too on how the relevance of the performance objectives could be better explored and highlighted to his teachers (Lunenburg, 2010, p.7). Furthermore, I could have

Website Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Website Analysis - Essay Example I believe this was probably because blogging and social networking is a very common tool nowadays. The â€Å"Business Intelligence† section was useful for corporate visitors and had enough material to keep people interested in business intelligence tools busy. The IT Management section was probably the best as it kept me on the hook for the longest time period during my visit. The website’s look was professional and the color, images, texture, font sizes, and arrangement of different modules are best suited with the purpose for which this site was built. Furthermore, I felt that the website I feel that the website graphic developers did an excellent job and designed the website so that long and returning users would not get bored of a single style. With a white background, a lot of rotations are possible and the way the content was laid out was seemingly a temporary arrangement a combination that was simple yet powerful and that could be expected to attract and most importantly retain users on the website who would ultimately create earnings for baselinemag by clicking on the advertisements that were lined up in a strategic manner along the website.

Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Film - Essay Example However, even though the films are of same genre and have similar background themes, the setting and the characters are distinct, and have unique personalities. The films ‘It Happened One Night’ (1934) and ‘Maid in Manhattan’ (2002) have similar background themes where a wealthy person falls in love with a ‘commoner.’ The love interest gets the wealthy characters (Ellie and Chris) distracted from the goals they had set to achieve. For example, in the movie ‘It Happened One Night,’ the female character Ellie runs away from her wealthy father to get married to a man of her choice. However, when she meets Peter and gets to know him during their travel to New York, she falls in love with him and gets distracted from the goal for which she had run away from her father. Similarly, in the film ‘Maid in Manhattan,’ Christopher Marshall who is a senatorial candidate, gets distracted from his goal of focusing on his campaign when he falls in love with a maid working in a classy hotel in which he stays. However, the contrast in the theme is that when Ellie confesses her love towards Pete r, he agrees that he is also in love with her. However, the character of Marissa, who is a maid, tries to avoid Christopher when she realizes that he is romantically interested in her. The other difference in the themes of the films is the truth about the characters who are ‘commoners’. In the movie ‘It Happened One Night,’ Peter discloses his real self to Ellie right from the beginning, and that too, with certain flamboyance and charm. On the other hand, Chris misunderstands Marissa as a socialite guest at the hotel, and considers her as a wealthy woman and not a ‘commoner’. Hence, when Chris falls in love with Marissa, he is not aware about her true identity of a maid. In this way, even though basic themes of the films are similar, the shades of the characters are different. The basis of the romantic comedies

Hatshepsut Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hatshepsut - Research Paper Example III. Analysis of Hatshepsut A. The World Scene 1. Hatshepsut ruled Egypt for about twenty-two years from 1479 to 1458 B.C 2. Hatshepsut faced problems related to gender discrimination in leadership positions, and typical feminine representations. 3. Several factors around Hatshepsut facilitated her reign and success as an Egyptian pharaoh, such as the death of Thomose I, absence of appropriate successor, and Egypt’s wealth as well as peace. B. Actions of Hatshepsut 1. Hatshepsut is renowned as a prolific builder because of her spectacular Egyptian monuments and temples featured in ancient Egyptian history. 2. Hatshepsut attained significant achievements in trade and military expeditions. C. Impact of Hatshepsut 1. Hatshepsut provides an affirmative perspective on women leadership 2. Hatshepsut revealed the need for women to stand against discriminative policies and rules. 3. Hatshepsut’s made exceptional contributions to politics 4. Hatshepsut made contributions in arch itectural designs through her creative concepts embedded in monuments as well as temples. IV. Conclusion A. Hatshepsut was an influential leader whose actions and decisions affect the history of the world, especially Egypt. B. Historical figures make great history Hatshepsut’s Historical Contributions Introduction Historical figures are significant contributors of world History. The apparition of their intellect, exquisiteness of their art, their divine inspiration as well as leadership prowess results to enhancement of the world’s history. Some historians argue that societal, economic, and technological aspects are more imperative to history compared to individuals’ actions and decisions. However, historical figures or great men are credited for various essential developments in the past that significantly feature in contemporary recorded history. This paper will analyze Hatshepsut’s contributions during her reign as an Egyptian pharaoh with respect to t he Great Man theory by Thomas Carlyle, and it will also attempt to reveal the importance of historical figures’ actions and decisions in history. Analysis of Hatshepsut Background Hatshepsut was Thutmose I and Queen Ahmose’s eldest daughter, wife to Thutmose II, mother to Neferure. Hatshepsut was one of the renowned, triumphant pharaohs as well as famous female-ruler in history, whose time in power superseded those of other women in the native Egyptian dynasty. The name Hatshepsut refers to the â€Å"most noble of noble ladies† signifying her unprecedented power attainment among ancient Egyptian women, and eventual crowning as pharaoh during the eighteenth dynasty. Hatshepsut initially acted as a co-regent to her stepson; Thutmose III, but she became pharaoh after about seven years. This marked Hatshepsut’s desertion of Queen’s roles as well as titles with the commencement of her reign as a female and conventional pharaoh. Hatshepsut reputation as a remarkable pharaoh is associated with various outstanding activities that took place during her reign. These included her participation in trade as well as armies expeditions, construction of some of the greatest Egyptian monuments, and acquisition of male roles in her leadership as pharaoh. Furthermore, Hatshepsut remained in power as pharaoh for twenty-two years before the reign of her successor, Thutmose III (Hill 3). The World Scene Hatshepsut ruled Egypt for about

Hematology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hematology - Essay Example In the blood system, Pluripotent haematopoetic cells become any type of cell. The type of a cell to become is determined by pluripotent cells that differentiate it in a wise way. 1 Proliferation is multiplication of blood cells in a human being. When an embryo is being developed, formation of blood takes place in the yolk sac in aggregate of blood cells. Blood formation takes place in the liver, spleen and lymph nodes and development goes to advance stages. Eventually, the task of blood formation is taken by bone marrows in the entire body system when they develop. However, proliferation of lymphoid cells usually occurs in the secondary lymphoid organs such as lymph nodes, spleen and thymus. In adult, haematopoiesis usually takes place in marrows of long bones like femurs and also in ribs and sternum where we have spongy bones. At times, spleen, liver and thymus recommence their haematopoietic function commonly known as extramedullary haematopoiesis. 2 Differentiation is a process whereby cells acquire a type in regard to haemopoiesis. During differentiation, cell morphology changes drastically although generic material still remain the same with some few exceptions. In many aspects of cell physiology, differentiation involves changes in regard to shape, metabolic activities, polarity, size, and responsiveness to signals whereas gene expression profil

Development 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Development 1 - Essay Example 1 Balanced growth (1953) The theory of balanced growth was proposed by Ragnar Nurkse in 1953. This theory was framed on the fact that newly independent economies could not achieve faster economic development due to the rapidity in basic commodity exports. The imported industrial commodities were the only alternatives which could have expanded the destroyed economies. In other words, the balanced growth or simultaneous enlargement of all industries was the most appropriate way to stimulate the economic growth of underdeveloped economies. At the same time, this type of growth necessitated the accumulation of large resources at one time. According to Nurkse (1953), â€Å"poor developing economies were characterized by a large surplus of labour employed at zero marginal cost in the traditional sector† (cited in Hayami, Hayami and Godo, 135). Nurkse’s model failed to provide adequate alternatives for the development of newly independent economies. Take-off into sustained gro wth (1956) Rostow (1956) defines Take-off into sustained growth model as, â€Å"the interval during which the rate of investment increases in such a way that real output per capita rises† (cited in Crouzet, 153). He also proposes certain conditions for the application of this theory. Rostow says that the proportion of net investment to national income must rise from 5% to 10% in order to satisfy the terms of the theory. Although Rostow connected his theory with the events occurred in Great Britain and several other countries, the theorist could not get any support from the available quantitative data (153). Critical minimum effort thesis (1957) Harvey Leibenstein (1957 cited in Gupta, 176), in his Critical Minimum Effort thesis, says that initial stimulants to development must possess a critical minimum size in order to achieve sustained growth. He continues that change in the value of a set of variables causes the economic backwardness and it possesses a certain degree of st eadiness. Since the economy is subjected to frequent shocks, the actual value of the variables will always be different from that of equilibrium values. Although these stimulants have the capacity to raise the per capita incomes, it is not possible in economically backward regions due to the weakness of the magnitude of these stimulants. 2 The export-oriented industrialization strategy was introduced as a technique to reframe the underdeveloped economies. The essence of the theory is that large scale production and thereby exports would enhance the economic growth of the country. Hence, developing countries too much depended on the exports of a few primary products in order to bridge the wider gap with advanced economies. Dijck, Linnemann and Verbruggen (3) tells that as a result of this strategy, more and more foreign investors were attracted towards the country so that these developing nations were compelled to arrange all favorable investment situations for the foreigners. It cau sed severe challenges to governments as they faced with huge difficulties in implementing the planned budgets and other policies. In addition, the governments lost huge amounts on possible receipts as a result of unfavorable incentive schemes. Similarly, the export-oriented industrialisation caused curtailment of labor wages and it led to political oppression. This strategy influenced the developing natio

Environmental Sustainability through Conservation of Forests Research Paper

Environmental Sustainability through Conservation of Forests - Research Paper Example As the population of Canada grows and there is the need for more money or capital to sustain the socio-economic activities of humans, there arises the need to sustainably manage them for the benefit of human beings, animals as well as other plants. The conservation of forests is important as it focuses on the conservation of forests in terms of appropriating them in an environmentally sustainable manner while at the same time ensuring that the human economic activities are carried on. The forests in Canada serve very many purposes amongst them the provision of timber as the raw material for the timber products and construction such as paper, furniture, and building of homes. They also play a role in the upkeep and retention of water which is important in the water management and its conservation in an environment in which forests are situated. Apart from being habitat for various species of plants and animals, the forests also serve the important role of regulating the carbon cycle w hich includes the uptake and release of carbon dioxide and oxygen respectively. This is important for the existence of animals and plants as they take the gas that is relevant to their productivity and release the other that they do not need. The question that then comes about is why should we conserve and use the forests of Canada as a resource in a sustainable manner? Canada has one of the largest forests resources in the world measuring about 400 million hectares of forest cover which is 10 % of the world’s forest cover which is in grave danger of being depleted if it is not used in a sustainable manner. The forests in Canada provide shelter for several animals and act as water filter which provides fresh and clean water owing to the carbon cycle activity that it provides to the environment. This underscores the need for the conservation of these forests by whoever is concerned particularly the government, the industries involved in logging and the citizens at large. The n eed to conserve the forests of Canada stems from the fact that it is in danger of being used uneconomically due to the regulations set by the government as well as the failure by the stakeholders concerned to keep pace with the actual economic appropriation of the forests for its timber.

Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Essay The first recurrent image is the dark or darkness. Dark represents evil and hell. All of our fears rise in the dark. We can see that most of the mains scenes happen in a dark place or during the night. In fact, all the murders and treasons are done in darkness as if the dark could cover and hide the horrible deeds. For example, in act I scene V l. 53 to 56, Lady Macbeth says: â€Å"Come thick night, And pall thee in the dunnest smoke of hell, that my keen knife see not the wound it makes, Nor heaven peep through the blanket of the dark, To cry, Hold! Hold! In this passage, Lady Macbeth is thinking about Duncan’s murder, and she wants to act in darkness so she will not see the murder. In that way darkness blinds out all of the terrible things that could be done. Then, the scene of Macbeth’s vision of the dagger happens in the complete darkness so the vision of his future murder comes to Macbeth only at night when no light can bring him back to goodness. Banquo’s murder also happens in the dark. Such evil deeds could only be done in the dark. Then during Lady Macbeth’s sleep walking, the only source of light comes from the candle that she keeps by her at night. In fact, Lady Macbeth is very afraid of darkness because it makes her remember of all the deeds that happened during the night. (Here, light has a positive reassuring role. ) In this scene, she reveals all the crimes that her husband committed with her support. In conclusion, darkness intensifies the horrible deeds and murders and brings a very fearful ambiance to the play. The second image is the one of the sleep that is kind of related to the one of the dark because dark and sleep comes together. Firstly, we can see that Duncan is killed during his sleep. This fact is even mentioned by Lady Macbeth in act II scene 2 l. 15 to 16: â€Å"Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had done’t. † Then, in the same scene, Macbeth says l. 46 to 47: â€Å"Sleep no more! Macbeth does murder sleep! † Ironically, he’s going to lose his sleep as well as Lady Macbeth who will become a sleep walker. Then, Lady Macbeth relates sleep with death, when she says in act II scene 2 l. 67 to 70: â€Å"The sleeping and the dead Are but as pictures: ‘tis the eye of childhood That fears a painted evil. † The second reference to sleep in relation to death is present in act II scene 3 l. 9 to 80: â€Å"Shake off this downy sleep, death’s counterfeilt, And look on death itself! † The third image that appears in the book is the image of the light. Light in opposite of the theme of darkness is representative of purity, God, goodness, heaven etc. Light is for Macbeth a disadvantage because all his actions consist on killing people, committing deeds and crimes and he doesn’t want any light to lighten his awful actions. For example, in act I, he says: â€Å"Stars, hide your fires; Let not loight see my black and deep desires: The eye wink at the hand; yet let that be, Which the eye fears, when it done, to see. Here, we understand that his desires are so terrible that he can’t even stand the thin light of the stars that shine on them; he doesn’t even want to look at them himself probably because he feels ashamed. We can also say that through his words, Macbeth constructs a bridge between light and morality. Within the whole drama, the sun seems to shine only twice. First, in the beautiful but ironical passage in which Duncan sees the swallows flirting around the castle of death (it’s Macbeth’s ca stle when he’s going to be murdered). The second time, when at the close of the army (who wants to take revenge) gathers to rid the earth of its shame. Therefore, the reader can conclude that Shakespeare portrays darkness to establish the evil parts of the play, we can say that he employs daylight to define victory or goodness (as it said before) in the play. The fourth and last theme is the animal. We found a lot of comparaison between the characters and the animals in this play, for example: â€Å"Raven himself is hoarse† said by Lady Macbeth in act I scene V. Raven represents death. Looks like the innocent flower but be the serpent under it. † Also said by Lady Macbeth in act I scene V. She says that his husband must look nice and calm on the outside but evil inside. â€Å"We have scorched the snake not killed it. † Said by Macbeth in act III scene II, this quote means that snake represents everything that prevents Macbeth from enjoying his kingship. â€Å"And Duncan’s horses, beauteous and swift, the minions of their race, turned wild in nature, broke their stalls, flung out, contending ‘gainst obedience, as they would make war with mankind† said by Ross in act II scene IV. Here, Ross says that Duncan’s horses were acting strange. They broke out of their stalls and started to attack anyone who came in their way. Another image appear in act III scene IV, said by Macbeth : â€Å"Approach thou like the rugged Russian bear. † Here, Macbeth is describing how the ghost of Banquo is hauting him by coming closer to him like a bear. These imageries of animals which symbolizes the different character of the play, helps to make the play’s atmosphere from supernatural nature. Shakespeare uses animal imagery to characterize, to show emotions and also to foreshadow.

Animal Assisted Therapy

Animal Assisted Therapy The man-animal bond has existed since time immemorial and has always been a beautiful one. Keeping a pet is a wonderful and rewarding experience and has many advantages. Animal therapy, also called Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT), consists of a wide range of activities and a diverse group of animals that are able to help. [Animal therapy, also called Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT), is a blanket term for a wide range of activities, good-for-you benefits, and a diverse group of animals that are able to help.] 7 This process is a goal directed intervention in which an animal meeting specific criteria is an integral part of the treatment process. [Animal assisted therapy (AAT) is a goal directed intervention in which an animal meeting specific criteria is an integral part of the treatment process] 7 Dogs, cats, rabbits, fish, horses, dolphins, elephants and birds have calming effect on humans [However, rabbits, fish, horses, dolphins, elephants, birds, and lizards can also be considered calming, as well as other small animals]. 6 Programs involving these types of animals are being introduced into the therapeutic regimens of many health care institutions: nursing homes, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, psychiatric institutions and even correctional facilities [3]. [Companion animals are being introduced into the therapeutic regimens of many health care institutions: nursing homes, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, psychiatric instiutions and others] 2 Therapeutic horse riding programs have been proven to increase the strength and stability of physically and mentally challenged individuals. The repetitive motion of sitting on the horse is known to help balance and coordination and thus improve the motor skills. This is also known as equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP) [2]. [horse therapies have been proven to increase the strength and stability of physically and mentally challenged individuals. Specifically, horse AAT therapy is called equine-assisted psychotherapy (EAP)] 6 Fish tanks, seen in restaurants, homes, doctors offices, in shopping malls and aquariums are larger than life stress relievers. [Fish tanks have long been seen in restaurants, homes, doctors offices, in shopping malls, and aquariums are larger than life stress relievers] 6 Dolphin therapy started in the 1970s in Florida as a way to motivate children with Down syndrome. [. Dolphin therapy started in the 1970s in Florida as a way to motivate children with Down syndrome.] 6 A marine biologist Amanda Green says that dolphins use their underwater sonar waves as a healing process to boost T-cells in humans. Many therapists believe that a dolphins sonar causes a phenomenon called cavitation inside the soft body tissue of the human body. It precipitates a ripping apart of the molecules [6]. [A marine biologist Amanda Green, says that research is currently being done to support this but new hospital methods are offering technology that acts like sonar, Many therapists believe that a dolphins sonar causes a phenomenon called cavitation inside the soft body tissue of the human body.] 6 Pets also help inmates in correctional facilities and juvenile offenders to learn empathy and compassion [2]. [Pets help inmates in correctional facilities and juvenile offenders to learn empathy and compassion.] 2 Pets have proved to be great stress busters. Gazing at fish swimming lazily in the aquarium soothes ones nerves and reduces stress. The physical contact of petting an animal is relaxing and studies have shown that it helps lower blood pressure.[ Medical studies and clinical research show that a therapy dog can not only have medical benefits such as stress relief, or lower blood pressure] Since dogs and cats are the most common household pets, it should be no surprise that cuddling with them can provide a calm and soothing relief. [Since dogs and cats are the most common household pets, no one should be surprised that cuddling with your little friends can provide a calm and soothing relief.] 6 While dolphins and horses have important physical and emotional benefits, they cannot live inside the house. Dogs can! Dogs that are specially trained to work with the disabled persons offer many different services. They can guide people who are visually impaired, alert people who are hearing impaired to specific sounds, get help when a person has a seizure, as well as retrieve dropped items, open doors, and assist the person with postural balance. [1] [They can guide people who are visually impaired, alert people who are hearing impaired to specific sounds, get help when a person has a seizure, as well as retrieve dropped items, open doors, and assist the person with balance. ] 1 Dogs also provide companionship that is critical to the development of children with disabilities, says Elcock [1]. [A variety of programs nationwide use animals to assist children with chronic illness and disabilities, notes Maryellen Elcock, Ph.D] 1 Perhaps the most well-known method of animal assisted therapy is used with dogs. Besides dogs being wonderful companions and helpful to the blind, trained dogs are brought to schools, hospitals, and nursing homes in order to bring joy [2].   Just the simple act of spending time with a dog, and the exercise involved with petting and walking with a dog helps patients and the elderly exert themselves physically. [Just the simple act of spending time with a dog, and the exercise involved with petting and walking with a dog helps patients and the elderly exert themselves physically] 6 Within the first hour of spending time with a dog, a persons blood pressure is known to drop, mental function improves, and smiles often show up. Certain trained dogs are able to help patients with their wheelchair abilities and memory problems. Loneliness can be curbed by spending time with a friendly animal. [Within the first hour of spending time with a dog, a persons blood pressure is known to drop, mental function improves, and smiles often show up. Certain trained dogs are able to assist patients with their wheelchair abilities, cognitive function, memory problems, and some patients even adopt maternal instincts while interacting with the animals. Loneliness can be curbed by spending time with a friendly animal and some think cats can also provide such love.] 6 Animal-assisted activities and animal-assisted therapy applies one of the strongest benefits of the human-animal bond the power to heal. Many organizations are associated with these activities. Canine Assistants is a Georgia-based organization that trains dogs to help children and adults across the country with physical disabilities resulting from muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, automobile accidents and other causes. [Canine Assistants is a Georgia-based organization that trains dogs primarily labradors and golden retrievers to help children and adults across the country with physical disabilities resulting from muscular dystrophy, cerebral palsy, automobile accidents and other causes] 1 These dogs can do some remarkable tasks for their disabled handlers. They can turn lights on and even open doors. Once they go home with a participant, they can build on the skills they have learned and accomplish even more specific tasks even helping with the laundry or making a bed, says Kellie Mann, programs coordinator for Canine Assistants [1]. [Once they go home with a participant, they can build on the skills they have learned and accomplish even more specific tasks even helping with the laundry or making a bed, says Kellie Mann, programs coordinator for Canine Assistants. ] 1 The therapeutic potential and spiritual qualities of companion animals have long been recognized from the Ancient Egyptians who worshipped cats, even mummifying them and burying them in sacred vaults along the River Nile, to the Ancient Greeks who kept healing dogs in their temples. [Ancient Egyptians who worshipped cats, even mummifying them and burying them in sacred vaults along the River Nile, to the Ancient Greeks who kept healing dogs in their temples] 3 Florence Nightingale was one of the first people to advocate the benefits of companion animals for the chronically sick. [Florence Nightingale was one of the first people to advocate the benefits of companion animals for the chronically sick] 3 American child psychologist Boris Levinson is the first person to be credited with the formal use of animals in AAT within a clinical field in 1962. Levinson discovered that he could make significant progress during the treatment of a disturbed child when his dog Jingles was also present during the sessions. [3]   Kids and animals are natural companions. For children with disabilities, that companionship can also include invaluable physical and emotional therapy. Whether its strengthening muscles through horseback riding, feeling motivated to improve while swimming with dolphins or gaining confidence with the help and companionship of a service dog, kids with disabilities can benefit from many different kinds of animals. Animals offer all children the chance to connect to another living being, says Dr. Abhaey Kripalani, Secretary, Minds and Souls Rehabilitation and Research Foundation on Children with Disabilities. But for kids with disabilities, animals can also provide invaluable therapy, he says. Riding a horse, for example, can help a child physically strengthen his or her muscles while also serving as recreation that builds self-esteem [1].   Dr. Anjana Maitra, in her book: Pet Therapy: A New Healing Concept: states that 92% patients hospitalized in coronary care units for angina or heart attack found that those who owned pets were more likely to be alive a year later than those who did not. The study found that only 6% of patients who owned pets died within a year compared with 28% of those who did not own pets. 9 In Thrive, Volume 2, Issue 9, July 2008, A Four-Legged Cure, Heather Grimshaw states that researchers around the world have shown a direct correlation between pet ownership and improved health. [Researchers around the world have shown a direct correlation between pet ownership and improved health] 4 From increased survival rates after heart attacks and surgery to reducing stress, depression, and anxiety, pet ownership may not just improve mental and physical health, it may actually extend a persons life [4].   According to a case report, the use of AAA highlights a Labrador Retriever named Murphy who helped a four year old child with cerebral palsy take her first steps. As the child took slow steps forward, Murphy would respond by taking steps backward, thereby motivating the child to continue taking steps. The child was able to take four steps for the first time in her life [5]. A study of middle-aged schizophrenic patients showed improvement in adaptive functioning during AAT program. 5 An Independent Living Skills tool was then used to rate patients behaviors. It was found that patients health, domestic activities, and social skills improved significantly. [4] [An Independent Living Skills tool was then used to rate patients behaviors] 5 Edward Creagan, MD, a professor at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, has encouraged oncology patients to get pets for the last 30 years. Studies suggest that pets can do more than keep you young at heart, he said during an educational summit called PAWSitive InterAction in Atlanta. They can help keep your heart-and the rest of you-younger and healthier. [Edward Creagan, MD, a professor at the Mayo Clinic in Minnesota, has encouraged oncology patients to get pets for the last 30 years. Studies suggest that pets can do more than keep you young at heart, he said during an educational summit called PAWSitive InterAction in Atlanta. They can help keep your heart-and the rest of you-younger and healthier.] 4 To support his recommendations, Creagan cited studies, which show that pet owners are four times more likely to live a full year after surviving a heart attack than non-owners. In the study cited, 28 percent of the patients without pets died before one year. [4] [To support his recommendations, Creagan cited studies, which show that pet owners are four times more likely to live a full year after surviving a heart attack than non-owners. In the study cited, 28 percent of the patients without pets died before the one-year mark] 4 A wellness program involving animal health, human health and environmental concerns should be done for animals participating in AAA and AAT. All animals involved in this therapeutic work should be healthy and of good temperament. Animals should be closely monitored for signs of stress. They also undergo periodic behavioral assessment and if needed, participate in behavior monitoring and rehabilitation program. Optimal environment should be provided to all animals in the form of toys, regular walks or grooming. Good veterinary care should be provided to all the involved animals.[7] [Animal assisted activities, animal-assisted therapy, and resident animal programs should be governed by basic standards, be regularly monitored, and be staffed by appropriately trained personnel.] 7 Pet assisted therapy is a tremendous tool in improving patient communication, self esteem, physical movement, mood and sociability. [ Studies have shown that pet assisted therapy is a tremendous tool in improving patient communication, cognitive function, self esteem, physical movement, mood and sociability] 8 Many children will have disabilities for the rest of their lives, but working with animals can give them the motivation, physical therapy, comfort, companionship and confidence that often lead to real progress in their abilities. [Many children will have disabilities for the rest of their lives, but working with animals can give them the motivation, physical therapy, comfort, companionship and confidence that often leads to real progress in their abilities] 1 The use of animal-assisted therapy has grown tremendously in recent times, particularly in the United States, where there are more than 2,000 programs [3].