Of Mice and Men Essay

The Great Depression took place in the United States in the 1930s. Northern California, Salinas Valley was affected by the Great Depression. Many farmers lost their properties and were forced to find other work. Banks were forced to foreclose on mortgages’ and had to collect debts. Hundreds of thousands of farmers packed up their families and few belongings, and headed for California. The Great Depression left many people in poverty and caused them to face unpleasant events. This is how life was like for the characters in Steinbeck’s novel Of Mice and Men. Mostly all the characters in this novel suffered from loneliness. Some of the men desired to come together in a way that would allow them to be like brothers to one another. Given the harsh, lonely conditions under which the men live, it is no surprise that they idealize friendship between other men in such a way. In the novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck uses characterization of dialogue and actions to show that everyone is lonely in some way even if they are surrounded by others. John Steinbeck uses characterization to show that loneliness causes people to reveal their feelings through dialogue. When Curley’s wife walks into the farm, she sees Lennie and begins to talk to him. He tries to avoid her and she says â€Å"‘I never get to talk to nobody. I get awful lonely’† (86). Curley’s wife has no one to talk to, and even Lennie tries to avoid her. Her words reveal that she is very lonely and even though there are so many people around her, nobody wants to talk to her. These words are significant because it shows how lonely she really is and how everyone tries to keep away from her because they know she causes drama and that she is married to Curley. George and Lennie also experience loneliness that they show through dialogue. As George and Lennie walk to the ranch together, George says, ‘â€Å"Guys like us, that work on ranches, are the loneliness guys in the world. They got no family and they don’t belong to no place†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (121). In addition, George and Lennie have no real home. They work the season, and then move on. They have no family, no relatives, and no ties except to each other. George’s words reveal that the life style of migrant workers such as themselves gives the way to a lonely life. This dialogue is significant because it shows how George and Lennie are lonely and that even though they travel and meet new people they still possess some kind of loneliness. Even though George was surrounded by many of the men, he sat quietly by himself at on the table all alone. â€Å"George cut the cards and began turning them over, looking at each one and throwing it down in a pile† (27). George is occupying his time by sitting alone at the table and organizing cards. George’s actions show that he is lonely and has nothing better to do then organize a deck of cards. His actions are significant because it reveals how George is lonely and how he spends his time by himself organizing cards. Also, when Crooks experiences loneliness he occupies himself with books. Even though Crooks is surrounded by so many men, he often feels lonely, but he tries to convince himself that he is not lonely. ‘â€Å" S’pose you had to sit out here an’ read books. ’ Sure you could play horseshoes till it got dark, but then you got to read books. ’ Books ani’t no good. ’ A guy needs somebody to be near him†¦ he goes nuts if he ain’t got nobody†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (72). Crooks is very lonely and he wishes that he could have someone to talk to, but he tries to be busy by playing horseshoes and reading books. His actions show that he is extremely lonely, and that he occupies himself with little things to keep himself from suffering. Crook’s actions are significant because loneliness cause people to spend their time by themselves. In the novel Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck uses characterization of dialogue and actions to reveal that one can be surrounded by a group and still be lonely. The use of dialogue proves that the characters are lonely even though they are working closely together. Also, through the characterization of actions the author reveals that most of the men are lonely and that the men occupy themselves even though they are with a group of people. John Steinbeck’s theme applies to the entire would because it proves that loneliness affects everyone at one time or another. It changes the way a person thinks and behaves. When people feel lonely their actions and way of life are affected. Nobody can run away from loneliness even if they live with a group of people. It’s a trait that no one can get rid of.

Business Plan Name Course Instructor’s

A business plan is a written document stating the aims, mission, vision, objectives, and the general management, cost incurred and planning how you will achieve what you want (McKeever, 2008).It is a very important document for it will underline guidelines for future purpose of the organization and start to establish baselines for success (Abrams & Kleiner, 2003). A well written business plan should contain a three to five-year cash flow projection.This cash flow will aid the investors in deciding wisely about the business and make you to realize how much capital is required to start the running of the business. It should deeply define the business operation that includes marketing strategies, and procedures to be followed to attract the customers. It might also project various strategies that display the leadership styles to be portrayed by the leaders, which should be transparent and flexible.Business plans are established for various objectives for example an organization might be searching for finances from investors; a group would be in need of bank loan while others will want to plan organizations strategy to be sure the organization is successful. No matter the purpose all types of business requires a business plan.Steps in writing an excellent business plan:Lay down the main purpose of the business Collect all the needed data and information of the business purpose Focus on the purpose based on the compiled information Important factors of a business planA good business plan should always fit the business need – It is possible to establish a business plan that is so excellent but can only be understood by internal members while it is also possible to develop an excellent and well researched business plan that has no use. The business needs should be highly considered especially its aim, vision and mission statement (McKeever, 2008).It should be realistic – A business plan should have great ideas which can be implemented for example an exce llent, well researched and perfectly written business plan explaining about a commodity that cannot be established has no meaning. Conversely, plan that calls for millions of money just for investment but lacks management group that can be able to get such investment is a bad plan.It should be direct to the point – The entire business plan should be specific in nature that is it should state out duties, expiring dates, forecasts and metric. An excellent planning relies more on the subject, the concerned party, the day and the finances (Abrams & Kleiner, 2003). It should underline duties and responsibilities – One must be able to point out the duties for individuals. Any duty without an individual seems difficult to be implemented.It points out assumptions – Its very vital for most of the business plans appears to be wrong, they are written by people who deal with guess work and they might be wrong, hence every plan should display assumption up front for altered assumptions ought to direct to revised plans (McKeever, 2008).It should restrict people to be committed – Apart from planning, the plan should specify the various duties and responsibilities of an individual then the management should follow up so as to get the duties done by the concerned party, this will enforce commitment and a smooth running of the business.A good business plan should be kept moving by follow up and planning process (Abrams & Kleiner, 2003). Every business plan must carry the planning procedures with it, which means often check up and course amendment. There is no business plan that is excellent if it is inflexible. Planning doesn’t future predict only annually its steering and management that takes a process to often counter check and rectify the course (Pinson, 2001).

Acts 1 and 2 of Romeo and Juliet

Acts 1 and 2 of Romeo and Juliet Essay Love is an important theme in Romeo and Juliet and is interpreted in many ways by the many different characters. After the prologue, which is filled with hints of the ending for the star-crossed lovers, the play opens with a scene between Sampson and Gregory who are two servants of the Capulet family. They are vulgar and crude, making many sexual references and innuendoes. They do not see love as involving emotions or desires, but as a purely physical thing, sexual not emotional. Sampson refers to women as weaker vessels and tells of how he will rape the maids of the Montague household. Neither of them appears to have ever experienced true love. They talk in a rude and coarse manner and objectify women. The opening helps the audience to contrast this vulgar image of love shown in a humorous context, to Romeo and Juliets sincere love for each other. This perception of love is also shared by the nurse and Mercutio, both who are comical characters. Mercutios humour is mostly offensive and insulting; he sees love as a pointless emotion. Mercutio teases Romeo from the start for being a lover. He believes that love is just an illusion, its made up in dreams by Queen Mab, he says she gallops night by night through lovers brains, and then they dream of love. The nurse uses similar bawdy language by way of, Go girl, seek happy nights to happy days. The nurse urges Juliet to get all of the pleasures out of love and she ensures Juliet and Romeo are able to marry and indulge in their sexual relationship. In this way, although there is long elaborate speech of true passionate love between Romeo and Juliet, there is also rude and coarse language which would have appealed to the lower-class audience. In the Elizabethan era, it was common for a young man to fall hopelessly in love with an unattainable beautiful woman, often with little chance of being loved back. This is how we first meet Romeo; he is very depressed and confused. However, you see many different attitudes towards love from Romeo; during each situation he is in, he reveals a different portrayal of love. Here he tells his cousin, Benvolio, of how he is in love with a woman, Rosaline, and speaks his love. This love feel I, that feel no love in this. Romeo speaks of how he does not enjoy being in love and that he sees it as a punishment, like being shut up in prison or like being whipped and tormented. He talks of love as being something he has to do, not something he feels. Benvolio believes that Romeo is not really in love, but that it is more of an infatuation. In his attempts to help Romeo overcome his obsession, Benvolio tells him to examine other beauties. Benvolio does not have a lot of belief in true love but merely in loving the beauty of women. In this scene, the audience see Romeo for the first time and they are exposed to a pathetic, depressed, miserable boy, who does not take pleasure in love, ay me sad hours seem long However the fact Shakespeare never reveals Rosaline to the audience adds mystery to Romeos obsession. This kind of love he feels for Rosaline did not tend to lead towards marriage, which was something else. Marriage often had nothing to do with love; it was arranged between families and was generally all to do with legal contracts, family, pride and wealth. This is shown by Juliets parents; Capulet is much older than Lady Capulet, who married when she was very young. Her mother learnt to love him after they married. This is also depicted in the scene when Paris asks Capulet for Juliets hand in marriage before he has even met her. Although Juliet is very young, Capulet still gives Juliet a choice of if she wants to be married and by this shows his affection for her. He refers to her as the hopeful lady of his earth and she calls him as good father. He believes marriage as a good thing but also states that love is preferable. He does also show his concern about Juliets age, READ: Using Shakespeares' Romeo and Juliet and Baz Lurhmanns' film version EssayShe hath not seen the change of fourteen years, Let two more summers wither in their pride, Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride. Yet Paris states that women younger than Juliet are already made mothers, a thought shared also with Lady Capulet, Well, think of marriage now; younger than you, Here in Verona, ladies of esteem, Are made already mothers: by my count. She feels marriage is more important than love as well, So shall you share all that he doth possess, By having him, making yourself no less. She implies that marriage a necessity and it is what women are made for. Lady Capulet also recites a long elaborate speech full of comparisons of Paris face and love being like a book, Read oer the volume of young Paris face, This precious book of love, this unbound lover This speech starts with the assumption that because Paris is a man of wax, Juliet should be very excited to be given the chance to marry him and should immediately be attracted to him. However, Lady Capulet soon gets irritated when Juliet shows no signs of interest; she hurries Juliet, asking her of her feelings towards this, Speak briefly, can you like of Paris love? Juliet answers in such a way that keeps her parents happy, Ill look to like, if looking liking move, She says that she will look forward to liking him, if by looking at him can lead her to liking him. As she is so young, her answer seems acceptable as her mother does not question her further. Lady Capulets scene with Juliet is not normally how a mother addresses her daughter or how a daughter addresses her mother. Their dialogue seems very formal and polite, Madam, I am here. What is your will? This depicts the distance between Juliet and her mother; instead of saying mother, she says madam. However, this gap between them is filled by the nurse. The nurse effectively acts as Juliets substitute mother and it is her, who Juliet confides in and trusts. When Romeo first meets Juliet, the insincerity of his love for Rosaline is exposed and he suddenly realises it, Did my heart love till now? forswear it, sight! For I neer saw true beauty till this night. He speaks of how his love for Rosaline was not true and pure, like the love he now feels for Juliet. His attitude towards love changes as suddenly as his change of heart. Romeos feelings sound more genuine in speeches about Juliet than of Rosaline which was much more exaggerated. He wants to be with Juliet all the time, and he is continually comparing her to a saint and the light that can brighten up anything. O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! O, then, dear saint, O, speak again, bright angel! In the sonnet shared by Romeo and Juliet, the interpretation of love is shown as religion. There are many references to saints, pilgrims, shrines, holy, prayers, faith and devotion. This is an obvious contrast to how he felt when he was in love with Rosaline. Juliet seems very playful in her language with Romeo but she also feels the same way as she refers to him as her only love. In their scene at the balcony, Romeo now feels love as being a power in which he can with loves light wings fly over the high walls surrounding the Capulet mansion. When Juliet asks Romeo how he knew which room was hers, Romeo replied, By love that first did prompt me to inquire; He lent me counsel, and I lent him eyes. This means that love led him to her balcony. Juliet, in this scene, seems much more mature than Romeo and speaks in a much more serious tone; Romeo speaks using elaborate and indirect language, READ: Good Hook For Romeo And Juliet EssayIt is my soul that calls upon my name: How silver-sweet sound lovers tongues by night, Like softest music to attending ears! Juliet does not like his theatrical speech, instead she gradually tears Romeo away from this artificial language in which he used with Rosaline. Juliet speaks of love as being eternal and sacred, My love as deep; the more I give to thee, The more I have, for both are infinite. She believes in their love so much that she accepts to marry him, the only son of her parents sworn enemy, even though Paris had offered to marry her. Friar Lawrence acts as Romeos substitute father and looks after him throughout Romeos relationship with Juliet. He agrees to marry them thinking it will unite their families but still feels it is still a risk, Wisely and slow; they stumble that run fast. When the Friar remarks on how quickly he falls in love, Romeo replies by saying that there is a difference between his old love and his new one, Her I love now Doth grace for grace and love for love allow. The other did not so. This is another example of how Romeo is truly in love with Juliet. The friar is similar to the role of the nurse towards Juliet as they both look after and advise the young lovers. In conclusion, there are many forms of love; parental love, marital love and physical love. I believe that Romeo and Juliet contains the right balance of each different aspect of love. The humorous bawdy language of Mercutio and the nurse provide a break from all the ominous reminders of the tragic ending and the elaborate, fancy dialogue of Romeo and Juliet. These crude parts of the play would also have appealed to the lower class and less cultured members of the Elizabethan audience. All in all, the theme of love is well presented in many different ways by many characters.

Representations and Misrepresentation of race in American Culture Essay

Representations and Misrepresentation of race in American Culture - Essay Example This paper looks at the representations and the misrepresentation of culture in America, as discussed by Steve Olson in his book â€Å"Mapping human history.† Ideally, the occurrence of mutations in genetics mostly of the mitochondria is claimed to be the reason behind the migration of the different races between the different continents especially the mixed population. Hawaii state has always been marked by controversy in that the even the scientists are not able to tell the original inhabitants of this beautiful island state. A prime reason is that most of the current inhabitants of this state are not true offspring’s of the first people who live in this island commonly known as the Polynesians. However, there is an existing correlation in the biological and ethnic heredity of the people especially because most people only identify themselves with the racial background. The main cause for the misrepresentation of the aboriginals of Hawaii is the intermarriage between the natives and the visitors to the island (Olson, 260). The government of the United States splits its population into four major categories based on their racial background. ... They include the color of their skins, the shape and the size of their yeas, the size and the shape of their skulls, and the types of their hairs. These dominant factors are mostly notable among the black, the whites, Asians and the Indians (Olson, 259). However, there is an element of misrepresentation in that it is not possible to tell how different their genetic makeup is in the four groupings. Olson notes, â€Å"The rapid growth of interracial marriages in the united states and elsewhere marks a new face in the genetic history of humanity. Since the appearance of modern humans in Africa more than 100,000 years ago, human groups have differentiated in appearance as they have expanded across the globe and have undergone under some measures of reproductive isolation† (Olson, 259). He also asserts, â€Å"This differentiation has been limited by the recentness of our common ancestry and the powerful tendency of groups to mix over the same time† (Olson, 259). The native i nhabitants of Hawaii have highly been misrepresented in various statistics. Statistics shows that the natives of Hawaii live in the lower end of the social and economic life. In addition, they have the lowest incomes and highest unemployment rate in America among any ethnic group. Moreover, the native inhabitants of Hawaii have the highest rates of health problems and have the lowest life expectancy ratio. Besides, they are least likely to go to colleges, and almost certainly to be imprisoned. However, it is utmost misleading to generalize this kind of statistics in a large group of people such as the native Hawaiians. These amounts to misrepresentation since a large portion of Hawaiians, comprising of a fifth of the entire native population are now educated and very successful. In

Affirmative Action Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Affirmative Action - Research Paper Example During half a century, affirmative action policies have proved their effectiveness, but cannot â€Å"abolish† gender and racial inequalities. For this reason, training and promotion activities as a part of affirmative action are vital for successful organizational performance. To over come these possible threats the organization should conduct programming of specific human resources activities, based on personal development and human capital policies (Baqley and Connerty n.d.). The organization under analysis is Wal-Mart. This is a giant supermarket operating around the world. In this organization, affirmative action has stigmatized the white men. Perhaps the least responsible of any harm to ethnic groups and gender differences in employment is the young white men frequently a democrat who has been obligatory to punish because of past injustice. â€Å"The idea that our deep moral obligations are to do things to help disadvantaged people of any sort, and not to give preferential treatment to any racial group, is one that strikes a chord in many people† (Stroud 385). Also, affirmative action helps to break stereotypes of black people and minority groups as lazy and low qualified professionals. This research paper seeks to examine the role and importance of affirmative action in modern organizations and their impact on employees and organizational culture (Anderson et al 77). Modern organizations, like Wal-Mart, play a major and continuing role in the lives of employees, especially with the growth of large-scale business organizations and the divorce of own ­ership from management. Organizations of one form or another are a necessary part of a society and serve many impor ­tant needs. The decisions and affirmative actions of management in organizations have an increasing impact on employees, other organizations and the community. It is important, therefore, to understand the role of affirmative action and the

EnERGY WEDGES Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

EnERGY WEDGES - Lab Report Example Our group resorted to construction of an energy wedge, which we thought would be fit and endorsed by the whole world as a sufficient means of controlling carbon emission in the atmosphere by the years 2055. As a group, we opted for full implementation and use of renewable resources as the major and the cheapest means of energy production. The renewable sources coded with green color include the conservation of vegetation cover such as the forest. The trees and other vegetation cover absorb half of carbon produced by the atmosphere hence it is possible that if the vegetation cover is increased it can act as a means of controlling the amount of atmospheric carbon (UNEP, 2007). Other renewable source of energy includes use of wind as source of energy. Use of solar panels as a substitute for electricity is also a major way of reducing carbon as a source of energy. Others include soil cover, and use of bio-fuels. Our next energy wedge includes full use of nuclear power. I disagree with the group on this choice mainly because nuclear power faces poor political good will. Secondly, most of the countries always intend to use it as a weapon of mass destruction. The energy power is already designated using red color, which indicates danger. The next wedge included use of fossil fuel. I also disagree with the group based on their choice. The reason being this is not an immediate and easy way of cutting carbon emission in the atmosphere. I opt for efficient use of carbon energy sources in place of the use of biofuels. This is because it is already in use and it is easy to implement (Nesta, 2009). (Levy, A 2020 Low Carbon Economy) From the work sheet, it is evident that our energy wedge did not earn the interest of the taxpayers. This can be attributed by the use of nuclear power as a source of energy. The energy companies rated the energy wedges lowly for a reason

American Dream Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Dream - Research Paper Example Willy’s destiny, his interactions and his cognitive state illustrates both the desire to achieve the American dream of success and the consequences of failure to achieve the dream. Willy’s life majorly exhibits failure to pursue the dream. He is skeptical of his sons’ pursuit of success, an issue that both his wife and the sons recognize. When Biff comes to visit, Willy disapproves of his failure to achieve success. Biff and his younger brother also discuss their father’s continued complaints of their failure. The sons, as a result, embrace failure and only interact with the American dream in fantasy. Willy is also immersed in fantasy of his children’s successful pursuit of the American dream. He is similarly skeptical about his failure to travel with his brother to Alaska, a move that made his brother successful. Charley, in consolation, offers Willy a job but he refuses on bride (Miller, p. 81- 83; Sinclair, p. 2- 4). The author, in these contexts , negatively evaluates failure to achieve the American dream of success. He demonstrates Willy as an example of this failure as his job is unstable and he fails to raise a successful family. Failure to achieve the American dream is also identified with inappropriate personal initiatives. This is because Willy’s failure cannot be blamed on external forces such as macroeconomic aspects of unemployment. Challenges at his workplace and his failure to seek another employment opportunity, and even accept Charley’s offer for a job identifies personal failure to achieve the American dream (Sparknotes, p. 189). The theme of American dream in the play also identifies a â€Å"gap between reality and characters’ aspirations† (Shmoop, p. 11). Shmoop argues that some characters in play developed a virtual perception of the American dream. While Willy, his wife and his son, Happy believes in the possibility of achieving success, they do not strive towards achieving the dream. As a result, their lives, that majorly rotates around fantasy does not correspond to the fruits of achieving the American dream. This difference further isolates Willy’s family from other characters who are seemingly successful in the pursuit of success. Charley, Willy’s neighbor, is for example successful and is even in a capacity to offer him a job. Charley’s social success is also reflected in his ability to bring up an academically successful child. Ben, Willy’s brother also made ventures into economic success while his successful employer identifies his inability to work and recommends that Willy take a break. The American dream is therefore presented with both positive and negative impacts on the society. While the dream is attainable to those who are able to face the reality of hard work into success, it is a detriment to lazy people who hope that success presents itself (Shmoop, p. 11; Lyceum, p. 4). Yasinski shares the same opinion about t he theme of American dream in the play. According to author, the dream establishes a ground for financial success but is based on two factors that Miller demonstrates. The author first notices that financial success’ aspect of the dream is an open opportunity to every American but can only be achieved through hard work, a fact that distinguishes Willy’s family from others in the play. â€Å"Selfishness and social injustice†

Astrological Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Astrological - Essay Example They are also good story tellers. I think that I am imaginative in a positive way. I am very much interested in riding a horse. Whenever I am free, I look forward to taking a horse ride because it gives me immense pleasure. I enjoy riding a horse because I had always imagined riding a horse from my early childhood. I don’t know it was cartoons or films but I am interested in horse riding from childhood. During horse riding I love to see beautiful sites. This has always been my dream and it has something to do with my astrological sign. Another good example that explains my imaginative power is that I like to try new things very often. I quickly get bore of doing the same thing. For example, I often rearrange of my room after every other month even if it only involves shifting my bed from one side to another. I have different posters set up on my bedroom walls and I keep on changing them as well. I try to make my room look different using my different posters and art work. I of ten am the one who persuade my friends to try out new and different things. Going out to same places very often is boring to me. I keep on planning different picnics and other activities with friends just to keep the spice in my life. For me, different is always better. Another interest of mine is to read short stories. I love to read short stories as they give me great pleasure. I also keep on thinking about writing a short story and think about different topics. These are some of the examples of my imaginative power. The second personality trait of my personality is cleverness. I think I am a clever person because I can pick new things very quickly. I am a fast learner as I quickly apply things that I see around me. I learned how to ride a horse with any major help. Also I prefer going through a website and reading about different things instead of relying on other people. I am also clever in a good way

Module 2 Case Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Module 2 Case Assignment - Coursework Example This paper examines the strategic analysis of Kraft Foods Group using Porter’s five forces and PEST to examine the company’s external environment. Kraft Foods Inc. (NYSE:KFT) corporation specializes in marketing and manufacturing of food products such as the snacks, cheese, beverages, convenient meals and among various types of the packaged grocery products. The company has its branches in approximately more than 155 countries worldwide. Its three main segments include; Kraft Foods Europe, Kraft Foods North America, and Kraft Foods Developing Markets. Kraft Foods Inc. is the second largest foods and Beverages Company in the globe after Nestle. Its brands includes: Nabisco, Oreo, and LU biscuits; Cadbury and Milka chocolates; Jacob and Maxwell house coffees, Trident gum; Philadelphia cream cheese; Oscar Meyer meats; Kraft cheeses. The PESTEL analysis is a sort of analysis that looks at the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal environments of the country with particular reference to a certain company (â€Å"PEST Analysis†, 2009). PESTEL analysis is presented below: The political environment favors the development and growth of the Kraft Foods Inc. This is due to the fact that the company has long been involved in the various community based and political initiatives. Some of this includes: supporting of the candidates that comprehends and appreciates the public policies that greatly impacts on the business, brands and the employees (Carnegie Research Inc., 2009). Additionally, the company Kraft Foods has started the political action committee called the Kraftpac that is aimed at making funding to the U.S. Federal, candidates, committees, and the state political parties. In strengthening its political base, the company also takes reasonable steps in making corporate contributions to the political parties, committees, and among others. Its key consideration for the

Managing Business Organizations Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing Business Organizations - Assignment Example Your organizational culture is a key component of a person's willingness to become a part of the organization. Business politics starts with the gain of power within the firm. Avoiding politics in your organization can have negative effects. Successful management means to understand the importance of managing employees at all levels through leadership and influence, using strategies to convert your foes into your friends and Manage power and politics at levels. Managing communication is a very important role of all managers in the 21st-century work field. Nowadays with the increasing diversity and ever growing technology being able to communicate with the people in the organization and having a continuous and smooth flow of information is vital for the survival of the organization. (Source: www.rebeccamorgan.com) Decision-making steps help you to make the appropriate decisions with the information available. This process helps you figure out how to solve business problems, choose the best course of action to take, the consequences of decisions and the importance of individuals in the organization. (source: www.mindtools.com) In businesses, managers should now prepare themselves how to handle an increasingly diverse workforce and work effectively across globally. Multicultural Environment exists when people from all backgrounds work together, share knowledge, understand and cooperate with each other. (Source: www.chariscorp.com)

Essay on Foundation of Technology Essay Example for Free

Essay on Foundation of Technology Essay In this essay, there are components that differentiate an A paper and a B paper. The A Essay evaluates criteria or ideas in the forefront and subordinates the details to the ideas. If you read with descriptive detail, insights tend to be lost or insufficiently developed. It also focuses on the value added technology tool and the value added of what the teacher does with the technology. The same technology can be used in different ways by teachers. However; the teacher remains the most important element in maximizing student’s learning. For example, if a teacher shows a video, a strong paper addresses the value of the video and the effectiveness of the integration of the video before and after the video is shown. Strengths and suggestions for improvements are also addressed. Generally the strongest essay takes a critical perspective and evaluates what works are done and how they can be improved. It also goes beyond motivation. These two are critical aspects of any learning and should not be undervalued. However, the strong essays should go beyond motivation, in order to answer why a technology was motivating to students. Much of the true insight comes from asking the why question and sometimes asking the questions more than once. For instance an essay that argues that the students were motivated by the technology and were engaged the whole period, and that the students were captivated by technology and they explored different sites. The questions asked should be why the technology was motivating to the students and what engaged them and what made the technology captivating and how different soft wares advance learning apart from motivating (Bayne, 1998, p. 38). The essay also explores readings in depth and also exploring conferences in depth too. I chose to discuss how I will use my new website to improve my teaching methods. A website is very rewarding. It is fun and a great way keep in touch with your family and students. The website has made impact on my image and also given me identity and global presence. I use my presentation skills, without the presence of the internet. I can also download content and have them in cd’s for classroom presentation. Students can get information of upcoming events and changes from the web site. Teachers can now visit my website and download information for our thematic units. I can also help them design theirs. It has also been useful in situations where I have to update it with my students work for parents to see and assist in their studies back home. It’s necessary for teachers to have their own websites in the modern age in order to create sites that can help their students. The fact that students need computer education to help them access the net should not be overlooked. This makes it easier for them to access information whenever they need it. The No Child Left Behind mandates that students should be competent enough when it comes to technology since almost everything is technology based nowadays. They will have to know how to think critically, to be creative, analyze information, understand new ideas, communicate effectively, collaborate, solve problems, and make decisions (Bayne, 1998, p. 66). In my analysis, of my second lesson, I will design a lesson plan to guide me through the teaching process. The topic is about the importance of integrating technology, applying the standards of education and the use of assessments. I’ve realized that integrating technology enhances learning through encouraging and simplifying the seeking and grasping of the meaning of the content being taught. Application of new technology in classroom environment by students has helped to improve learning outcomes which involved deeper understanding. From the peer review conducted, I realized that the students enjoyed the integration of technology in the classroom and retained content in their minds. Introducing standards of education in the classroom will enhance the learning experience by pointing students to available design and marketing tools, and best industry practices. Knowledge of these standards makes the students align the educational concept with real-world applications and market issues. If students don’t learn about educational standards, they may need elementary instruction in their first jobs, have a higher propensity for operating outside of best or accepted industry practices, waste resources and fail in duties to align their products or services with desired markets. Without a guide line component in their education, students may graduate without knowing the barriers presented by using incorrect standards, and without realizing the importance of standards in marketing and product acceptance. If the regulatory standards in reference are not met it results into product non-conformance, or higher development or other costs. Students have to understand the need to design, from inception, to the standards required to achieve marks. When creating a lesson plan, the teacher should tell the students the objective of the lesson, teach the objective, and evaluate the objective. This means that the lesson plan should contain the key concept of the topic, objectives, pre-planning, learning materials, Anticipatory Set (How I will simulate the children so that they will learn what I want to teach. It will also have the procedure I will take when teaching and duration of my teaching process. Closure is also needed. This is the summary of the topic and finally evaluation (Bayne, 1998, p. 113). Assessment can be formal or informal when integrating technology. Most software packages have assessments or built in criteria in it. I have learned that incorporating electronic portfolio is another way to enhance teaching with technology or a teacher can design their own rubrics. However, innovative activities require a reliable and valid mean of measuring students’ progress along with student journals and designing projects. In conclusion, the lesson planning was great and I thank God I had the opportunity to integrate technology in my class and enhance learning for my students. Reference Bayne, J. N. (1998). Strategic plans for technology. New York: Hill crest.

Media Use in Identity Construction Essay Example for Free

Media Use in Identity Construction Essay In society today the construction of a personal identity can be seen to be somewhat problematic and difficult. Young people are surrounded by influential imagery, especially that of popular media. It is no longer possible for an identity to be constructed merely in a small community and only be influenced by family. Nowadays, arguably everything concerning out lives is seen to be ‘media-saturated’. Therefore, it is obvious that in constructing an identity young people would make use of imagery derived from the popular media. For example, it is becoming increasingly common for young children to have their own television and music systems in their bedrooms whilst also having easy and frequent access to magazines especially aimed at the ‘developing’ child and/or teenager. Such young people would also have a way of accessing the Internet be it at school or sometimes at home. However, it is fair to say that in some instances the freedom of exploring the web could be limited depending on the choice of the parents or teachers. So, if young people have such frequent access and an interest in the media, it is fair to say that their behaviour and their sense of ‘self’ will be influenced to some degree by what they see, read, hear or discover for themselves. Such an influence may include a particular way of behaving or dressing to the kind of music a person chooses to listen to. These are all aspects which go towards constructing a person’s own personal identity. By close investigation into the popular media, and by using two specific examples of a popular teen magazine and a recent ‘teenage’ hit single that got to number 2 in the British charts, I intend to illustrate the various ways in which young people make use of imagery derived from popular media in the construction of their identities.

Cause And Effects Of Soil Erosion

Cause And Effects Of Soil Erosion The Latin word erodere,meaning to gnaw away is the origin of the word erosion (Roose, 1996). Soil Erosion is the physical removal of topsoil by various agents, including falling raindrops, water flowing over the soil profile and gravitational pull (Lal 1990). The Soil Science Society of America defines erosion as the wearing away of the land surface by running water, wind, ice or other geological agents, including such processes as gravitational creep (SCSA, 1982). Physical erosion involves the detachment and transportation of insoluble soil particles (sand, silt and organic matter). Removal of soluble material as dissolved substances is called chemical erosion and this maybe caused by surface runoff or subsurface flow where the water moves from one layer to another within the soil profile (Lal 1990). According to ASCE, 1975, the physical processes in soil erosion include detachment of soil particles, their transportation and subsequent deposition of soil sediments downslope by raindrop impact and runoff over the soil surface. Rainfall is the most important detaching agent (Morgan and Davidson 1986; Lal, 1990) followed by overland flow in entraining soil particles (Lal 1990). The process of soil erosion occurs in three main steps, detachment of soil particles, transportation and deposition of soil particles downslope by raindrop impact and runoff over the soil surface (ASCE 1975; Morgan and Davidson, 1986, Lal 1990) followed by overland flow in entraining soil particles (Lal, 1990). Soil erosion reduces soil productivity by physical loss of topsoil, reduction in rooting depth and loss of water. In contrast soil, soil depletion means loss or decline of soil fertility due to crop removal or removal of nutrients by eluviations from water passing through the soil profile (Lal, 1990). Sedimentation however, causes off site effects like degradation of basins, accumulation of silts in water reservoirs and burial of low-lying productive areas and other problems (Lal, 1990). Sediments is the main cause of pollution and eutrophication (Lal, 1990). According to Lal 1990, soil degradation may be caused by accelerated soil erosion, depletion through intensive land use , deterioration in soil structure, changes in soil pH, leaching, salt accumulation, build up of toxic elelments such as aluminum or zinc, excessive inundation leading to reduced soil conditions and poor aeration. Soil Erosion is the most serious and least reversible form of land degradation (Lal, 1977; El-Swaify, Dangler and Amstrong, 1982). Soil erosion and soil loss , according to Lal (1990) have adverse effects on agriculture because they deplete the soils productivity and diminish the resourse base. 2.2 Soil Erosion Process Geologic erosion can be caused by a number of natural agents including rainfall, flowing water and ice, wind and the the mass movement of soil bodies under the action of gravity which cause the loosened or dissolved earthy and rock materials to be removed from a place and eventually deposited to a new location (Lal,1990; Morgan and Davidson, 1986). The Soil Science Society of America (SCSA, 1982) described geologic erosion as the normal or natural erosion caused by geologic processes acting over long periods and resulting in the wearing away of mountains, the building up of flood plains, coastal plains. Etc. The slow and constructive natural soil erosion process has been significantly accelerated by human activities of poor farming practices, overgrazing, ground clearing for construction, logging and mining (Lo, 1990). Accelerated erosion not only affects the soil but also the environment and is the primary cause of soil degradation (Lal, 1990). Agriculture has been identified as th e primary cause of accelerated soil erosion (Pimentel, 1976). 2.3 Soil Characteristics in the Tropics Extremes of climate and wide variety of parent materials cause great contrast of soil properties in the tropics from soils in other temperate regions. In the tropics soils are highly variable and diverse like the vegetation (Sanchez and Buoi, 1975; Van Wambeke, 1992). The main soil types are alfisols, oxisols, ultisols and inceptisols (El-Swaify, 1990). Tropical soils low in weatherable minerals and basic cations (sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium) resulted from continuous weathering of parent materials (Lo, 1990). The ability of these soils to keep plant nutrients is largely dependent on the humus content found in plant biomass and the organic matter (Rose,1993). The inactivity of soil mineral constituents (kaolin and sesquioxides) in these soils, causes deficiency in crop nutrients, lowers the capacity to retain basic cations, limits active relationship with organic matter and excessively immobilizes phosphates and related anions, a condition which are highly toxic to plant roots (Lo, 1990). Crop production in tropical soils are constrained by primarily aluminum- derived soil acidity and infertility but generally their physical properties are favourable (El-Swaify, 1990). Tropic soils have moderate to high permeability under natural conditions, but susceptible to slaking and development of impermeable crust upon action of raindrops and as a result runoff increases with continuous cultivation (Lal, 1982). This crusting cause insignificant reduction of filtration rate, increasing water runoff which leads to acceleration of soil erosion (Falayl and Lal, 1979). It is important to note however that heavy and intense rains cause severe erosion in the tropics (Morgan, 1974; Wilkinson 1975; Amezquita and Forsythe, 1975; Lal 1976; Aina, Lal and Taylor, 1977; Bois, 1978; Sheng 1982). 2.4 Soil Erosion on Steep Slope According to Lal 1990, Steeplands refer to lands with a slope gradient greater than 20%. It is important to note however that flat undulating lands have a great potential for crop production and agricultural development. Due to the possibility of soil erosion and the problem of mechanization, the steep areas are considered marginal for agriculture production (Lal, 1990). The difficult topography in steepland agriculture restricts mechanizations of operations thus, reducing all agricultural activities (land preparation, cultivation and harvesting), limiting the farmer in scale and efficiency. Inputs such as fertilizer and pesticides have to be carried manually by the farmer. As a resulted they are used scarcely. Observably any increase in the use of these agricultural inputs will result in decline in he farmers profits from the generally lower agricultural field (Benvenuti, 1988). For all these reasons steepland farmers tend to concentrate in high value crop production of limited scale (Ahmad, 1987; Ahmad 1990). It is important to note however that farmers prefer steepslopes due to cultural hand cultivation, planting and harvesting can be done in an upright fashion (Williams and Walter, 1988). Futher more subsistence farmers are found on steep slopes because of more favourable environmental conditions such as lower temperatures, reduced diseases and h igher reliability of rainfall. (Hurni, 1988). In the tropics, removal of forest vegetation causes excessive leaching and accelerated soil nutrient loss. Being highly weathered soil types , their contained minerals generally have poor ability to retain sorbed nutrients against leaching. Clay soils with high residualmiron contents are considered superior in resistance to runoff caused soil erosion; thus, soils emanated from basic igneous rocks and red soils developed from calcareous rocks are strongly aggregated due to the cementing property of iron oxides, hence, soil erosion is expected to be less than for most other soils. Also soils developed from fragmentary volcanic materials with andic properties are resistant to soil erosion (Sheng, 1986; Ahmad, 1987; Ahmad, 1990; Lal, 1990). Soils formed from shales, schists, phyillites and sandstones are considered highly erodible. Soils produced from these rocks are high in both sand or silt fraction, and clay minerals and iron oxides are generally insufficient as cementing agents for a stable-structured soil. These parent materials are generally rich in muscovite occurring in all soil particle-size fractions. Micah-rich soils are weak-structured, and thus raindrops can easily dislodged the weak aggregates, while the clay fraction dispersed in water. The resulting mica flakes settling on their flat axes in the water film on the soil surface causes soil crusting. The formation of soil crusts further restricts water entry into the soil (Ahmad and Robin, 1971; Sumner, 1995), resulting to disposal of a much greater volume of runoff water, a condition which leads to further disintegration of soil aggregates and transport of colloidal soil material (Ahmad, 1987; Ahmad 1990). Soil crust restricts gaseous exchange leading to anaerobic soil conditions, denitrification, toxic effects due to ethylene production, and mechanical impedance to seedling emergence (Ahmad 1987; Ahmad, 1990). Steep slope cultivation can cause certain instability in the ecological system with both onsite and offsite detrimental impacts (El-Swaify, Garnier and Lo, 1987). Soil, climate, land use and farming systems affect the extent and the degree of severity of soil erosion. However, regardless of soil and climatic conditions, intensively used steeplands in densely populated regions experience severe soil erosion problem. Land use influences the degree of severity of soil erosion on steeplands. Uncontrollable grazing or over grazing, exensive and abusive cultivation, diversified cropping are responsible for severe soil erosion in unprotected arable lands (Roose, 1988; Liao et al 1988). Ahmad (1987;1990) reportd soil loss of approximately 120 t0 180 tonnes per hectare in Tobago Trinidad. In Australia, annual soil loss of 200 t/ha to 328 t/ha has ben reported from sloping sugar cane plantations in central and north Queensland (Sallaway, 1979; Mathews and Makepeace 1981). There are two types of soil erosion associated with the Caribbean region, land slipping and gullying. Land slipping is a manifestation of mass movement associated with steepland agriculture and the severity being strongly influenced by the parent materials. Land clearing (example deforestation) and crop production can influence land slipping particularly in the early portion of the wet season when the cleared soil wets faster due to saturation of the soil above rock. Serious dislocations, crop loss and destruction of any mechanical anti erosion devices can result from this form of mass movements. Due to drastic changes in hydrological conditions experienced by land naturally prone already to slipping and cleared for agriculture for the first time land slippage would be of common experience (Ahmad 1987; Ahmad 1990). Gullying is another common form of soil erosion that occurs on steep land bcause of the terrain involved. This is more common on sandy soils, volcanic soils and vertisols, which are all porous materials. Soils easily attain saturated conditions upon the rapid entry of water, consequently breaking the material and ultimately, leading to the formation of gullies. Agricultural activities enables this soil erosion in steeplands by allowing rapid soil wetting upon the start of the wet season. Farming activities though unsuitably oriented field boundaries, foot tracks and the lack of provision for disposal of surface water are some main causes of gullying, even on soils not prone to this tpe of steepland soil erosion (Ahmad 1987;Ahmad 1990). Since steeplands are traditionally considered marginal for agricultural crop production, most research on soil erosion and soil conservation has been done on either flat land or rolling land with a maximum slope of about 20%'(Lal, 1988). 2.5 Factors Affecting Soil Erosion The causes of soil erosion have been intensively discussed during the past 40 years. Soil erosion is a natural process that is enhanced by human activity (Richter, 1998) and occurs in all landscapes and under different land uses. In addition to human activities, soil erosion processes are also caused by morphometric characteristics of the land surface, the erosive forces of rainfall and the erodibility of soils and soil surfaces. When rainwater reaches the soil surface it will either enter the soil or run off. Runoff occurs when the rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil. Water erosion is the result of the dispersion action of rain drops, the transporting power of water and also the vulnerability of the soil to dispersion and movement (Baver and Gardner, 1972). The effects of soil erosion is also classified: definition of gullies and explanation of gully development is given by Morgan (1996), as well as Hudson (1995) who additionally focuses on individual cases of the development of gullies. Toy et al (2002) give detailed definitions of soil erosion features and processes such as sheet erosion and inter-rill erosion, rill erosion, as well as ephemeral and permanent gully erosion. Rill erodibility depends both directly and indirectly on soil properties such as bulk density, organic carbon and clay content, clay mineralogy, cations in the exchange complex, soil pH and experimental conditions such as moisture content, aging of prewetted soil and quality of eroding water (Rapp,1998). Govers (1990) found that runoff erosion resisitance of a loamy material was extremely sensitive to variation in the initial moisture content and to a lesser extent to changes in bulk density. The process of water erosion can be separated into two components, rill and interrill erosion (Young and Onstad, 1978). Interrill erosion (sheet erosion) is mainly caused by raindrop impact and removes soil in a thin almost imperceptible layer (Foster, 1989). In interril erosion the flow of water is generally unconfined, except between soil clods and covers much of the soil surface. As the velocity of flow increases the water incises into the soil and rills forms (Evans,1980). Rill erosion begins when the eroding capacity of the flow at some point exceeds the ability of the soil particles to resistant detachment by flow (Meyer cited by Rapp, 1998). Soil is detached by headcut advance from knickpoints (De Ploey, 1989; Bryan, 1990), rill slide sloughing and hydraulic shear stress (Foster cited by Rapp, 1998) as well as by slumping by undercutting of side walls and scour hole formation (Van Liew and Saxton, 1983). These processes are usually combined into a detachment prediction equation as a function of average shear stress (Foster cited by Rapp, 1998). When the rills develop in the landscape, a three to five fold increase in the soil loss commonly occurs (Moss, Green and Hutka 1982 and Meyer and Harmon 1984). 2.5.1 Vegetative Factors The effects of vegetation can be classified into three catergories: The interception of raindrops by the canopy (DHuyvetter, 1985). Two effects are associated with this. Firstly, part of the intercepted water will evaporate from the leaves and stems and thus reduce runoff. Secondly, when raindrops strike the vegetation, the energy of the drops is dissipated and there is no direct impact on the soil surface. The interception percentage depends on the type of crop, the growth stage and the number of plants per unit area. A well distributed, close growing surface vegetative cover will slow down the rate at which water flows down the slope and will also reduce concentration of water (DHuyvetter, 1985). As a result, it will decrease the erosive action of running water. There is also the effect of roots and biological activity on the formation of stable aggregrates, which results in a stable soil structure and increased infiltration that reduces runoff and decreases erosion (DHuyvetter, 1985). Increased permeability also reduces erosion as a result of in increased water percolation due to better drainage. Stables aggregrates in the topsoil also counteract crusting. 2.5.2 Rainfall Factors Raindrop size, shape, duration of a storm and wind speed interactions controls the erosive power of rainfall (DHuyvetter, 1985). The erosivity of rainfall is expressed in terms of kinetic energy and is affected by various factors. According to Wischmeier and Smith (1965), the intensity of rainfall is closely related tot e kinetic energy, according to the regression equation E = 1.213 + 0.890 log I Where E = the kinetic energy (kg.m/m2.mm) I = rainfall intensity (mm/h) Raindrop size, distribution and shape all influence the energy momentum of a rainstorm. Laws and Parson (1943) reported an increase in median drop size with increase in rain intensity. The relationship between mean drop size (D50) and rainfall is given by: D50:2.23 I 0.182 (inch per hour). The median size of rain drops increases with low and medium intensity fall, but declines slightly for high intensity rainfall (Gerrard, 1981). The kinetic energy of an rainfall event is also related to the velocity of the raindrops at the time of impact with the soil (DHuyvetter, 1985). The distance through which the rain drop must fall to maintain terminal velocity is a function of drop size. The kinetic energy of a rainstorm is related to the terminal velocity according to the equation: Ek = IV2/2 Where Ek = energy of the rain storm I = Intensity V= Velocity of raindrop before impact Ellison (1945) developed an equation showing that the relationship between the soil detached, terminal velocity, drop diameter and rainfall intensity: E = KV4.33 d1.07 I0.63 Where E = relative amount of soil detached K = soil constant V = velocity of raindrops (ft/sec) d = diameter of raindrops (mm) I = rainfall intensity 2.5.2.1 Effect of rainfall intensity on runoff and soil loss According to Morgan (1995), soil loss is closely related to rainfall partly through the detaching power of raindrops striking the soil surface and the contribution of rain to runoff. If rainfall intensity is less than the infiltration capacity of the soil, no surface runoff occurs and the infiltration rate would equal the rainfall intensity (Horton, 1945) as sited by Morgan (1995). If the rainfall intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity, the infiltration rate equals the infiltration capacity and the excess rainfall forms surface runoff. According to Morgan (1995), when the soil is unsaturated, the soil matric potential is negative and water is held in the capillaries due to matrics suction. For this reason, under saturated conditions sands may produce runoff very quickly although their infiltration capacity is not exceeded by the rainfall intensity. Intensity partially controls hydraulic conductivity, increasing the rainfall intensity may cause conductivity to rise so that although runoff may have formed rapidly at relatively low rainfall intensity, higher rainfall intensities do not always produce greater runoff (Morgan, 1995). This mechanism explains the reason why infiltration rates sometimes increase with rainfall intensities (Nassif and Wilson, 1975). 2.5.3 Soil Factors According to Baver et al, (1972), the effect of soil properties on water erosion can be in two ways : Firstly, certain properties determine the rate at which rainfall enters the soil. Secondly, some properties affect the resistance of the soil against dispersion and erosion during rainfall and runoff. The particle size distribution is an important soil property with regards to erodibility. Generally it is found that erodible soils have a low clay content (DHuyvetter, 1985). Soils with more than 35% clay are often regarded as being cohesive and having stable aggregates which are resistant to dispersion by raindrops (Evans, 1980). Evans also stated that sands and coarse loamy sands are not easily eroded by water due to its high infiltration rate. In contrast soils with a high silt or fine sand fraction are very erodible. Erodibility of soil increases with the proportion of aggregates less than 0.5mm (Bryan, 1974). Factors which contribute to aggregate stability include organic matter content, root secretions, mucilaginous gels formed by break down of organic matter, the binding of particles by sesquioxides and the presence of a high Ca concentration on the exchange sites of the colloids instead of a high sodium content (DHuyvetter, 1985). The depth of erosion is determined by the soil profile (Evans, 1980). According to Evans soil horizons below the A horizon or plough layer are often more compact and less erodible. The texture and chemical composition of the sub surface horizon can also have an adverse effect. Normally deep gullies can be cut if the parent material is unconsolidated. If resistant bedrock is near the surface only rills will develop. Soil rich in surface stones are less susceptible to erosion (Lamb, 1950 and Evans, 1980). Stones protect the soil against erosion and also increase the infiltration of the flowing water into the soil. The antecedent soil moisture and the surface roughness are both regarded by Evans (1980) as important soil factors affecting erosion. The ability of a soil to accept rainfall depends on the moisture content at the time of the rainfall event. 2.5.3.1 Factors affecting aggregate stability Soil structure is determined by the shape and size distribution of aggregates. Aggregrate size and strengthe determine the physical properties of a soil and its susceptibility to breakdown due to water forces. Their stability will have a decisive effect on soil physical properties (Lynch and Bragg, 1985). The main binding materials giving stable aggregates in air dry state are the glueing agents in organic matter (Chaney and Swift, 1984; Tisdale and Oades, 1982) and sesquioxides (Goldberg and Glaubic, 1987). 2.5.3.1.1 Aluminium and Iron Oxides The soil used by Kemper and Koch (1966) contained relatively little free iron, although it did contribute to aggregrate stability. Their data show a sharp increase of free iron from 1 to 3%. Goldberg and Glaubic (1987) concluded that Al-oxides were more effective than Fe-oxides in stabilizing soil structure. Al-oxides have a greater proportion of sub-micrometer size particles in a sheet form as opposed to the spherical form of Fe-particles. Shainberg, Singer and Janitzky (1987) compared the effect of aluminium and iron oxides on the hydraulic conductivity of a sandy soil. 2.5.3.1.2 Organic Matter Organic matter can bind soil particles together into stable soil aggregates. The stabilizing effect of organic matter is well documented. Little detailed information is available on the organic matter content required to sufficiently strengthen aggregates with ESP values greater than 5 or 7, and containing illite or montmorrillionite, so as to prevent their dispersion in water (Smith, 1990). High humus content makes the soil less susceptible to the unfavourable influence of sodium (Van den Berg, De Boer, Van der Malen, Verhoeven, Westerhof and Zuur, 1953). Kemper and Koch (1966) also found that aggregate stability increased with an increase in the organic matter content of soils. A maximum increase of aggregate stability was found with up to 2% organic matter, after which aggregate stability increased very little with further increases in organic matter content. 2.5.3 Slope Factors Slope characteristics are important in determining the amount of runoff and erosion ( DHuyvetter, 1985). As slope gradient increases, runoff and erosion usually increases (Stern, 1990). At low slopes due to the low overland flow velocities, detachment of soil particles from the soil surface into the water layer is due to detachment alone (Stern, 1990). Additionally, at low slope gradients, particles are splashed into the air in random directions unlike the case with steeply sloping land where down slope splash occurs (Watson and Laflen, 1985). As slope gradient increases, the ability for surface runoff to entrain and transport sediments increases rapidly until the entrainment by the surface runoff becomes dominant contributing to sediment transport (Stern, 1990). Foster , Meyer and Onstad (1976) presented a conceptual model that showed that at lower slopes, interill transport determined erosion, while at steeper slopes, raindrop detachment determined it. Th uniform bed characteristics of sheet flow transport tend to be replaced by channels because of instability and turbulent flow effects (Moss, Green and Hutka, 1982). There are many empirical relationships relating soil transport by surface wash to slope length and slope gradient. Zingg (1940) showed that erosion varied according to the equation: S = X1.6 tanB1.4 Where S = soil transport cm/yr X = slope length (m) B = slope gradient (%) Studies conducted by Gerrard (1981), showed that plane and convex slopes did not differ significantly in the amount of soil lost by surface runoff, but concave slopes were less eroded. Some researchers such as Zingg (1940) and Mc Cool et al (1987) indicated that soil erosion increases exponentially with increase in slope gradient. The relationship is indicated after Zing (1940) by: E = aSb where E is the soil erosion, S is the slope gradient (%) and a and b are empirical constants. The value of b ranges from 1.35 to 2.0. The other relationship between erosion and slope gradient for inter-rill erosion is given by Mc Cool et al (1987) E = a sin b Q+C Q is the slope angle in degrees A,b and C are empirical constants. However, even if the effect of slope gradient on erosion is well recognized, several studies indicate that the power relationship between slope gradient and soil loss over predicts interrill erosion rate by as much as two or more times (Torri, 1996;Fox and Bryan, 1999), and the relationship is better described as linear. 2.8 Soil Erosion Impacts 2.8.1 Soil Physical Properties Progressive soil erosion increases the magnitude of soil related constraints for crop production. These constraints can be physical, chemical and biological. The important physical constraints caused by erosion are reduced rooting depth, loss of soil water storing capacity (Schertz et al 1984; Sertsu, 2000), crusting and soil compaction and hardening of plinthite (Lal, 1988). Erosion also results in the loss of clay colloids due to preferential removal of fine particles from the soil surface (Fullen and Brandsma, 1995). The loss of clay influences soil tilth and consistency. Exposed subsoil is often of massive structure and harder consistency than the aggregated surface soil (Lal, 1988). Development of rills and gullies may change the micro-relief that may make use of farming machinery difficult. Another effect of erosion is that the manangement and timing of farm operations. 2.8.2 Soil Chemical Properties Soil erosion reduces the fertility status of soils (Morgan, 1986; Williams et al., 1990). Soil chemical constraints and nutritional problems related to soil erosion include low CEC, low plant nutrients (NPK) and trace elements (Lal, 1988; Fullen and Brandsma, 1995). Massy et al (1953) reported an average loss of 192 kg of organic matter, 10.6 kg of N and 1.8kg per ha on a Winsconsin soils with 11% slope. Sharpley and Smith (1990) reported that the mean annual loss of total P in runoff from P fertilized watersheds is equivalent to an average of 15%, 12% and 32% of the annual fertilizer P applied to wheat, mixed crop grass and peanut sorghum rotation practices respectively. Researchers (Massy et al 1953; Lal, 1975) have also reported extensive loss of N in eroded sediments. 2.8.3 Productivity Quantifying the effects on crop yields is a difficult task. It involves the evaluation of interactions between soil properties, crop characteristics and climate. The effects are also cumulative and not observed until long after accelerated erosion begins. The degree of soil erosions effects on crop yield depends on soil profile characteristics and management systems. It is difficult to establish a direct relationship between rates of soil erosion and erosion induced soil degradation on the one hand and crop yield on the other (Lal, 1988). It is well known that soil erosion can reduce crop yields through loss of nutrients, structural degradation and reduce of depth and water holding capacity (Timilin et al, 1986; Lal,1988). Loss of production in eroded soil further degrades its productivity which in turn accelerates soil erosion. The cumulative effect observed over a long period of time may lead to irreversible loss of productivity in shallow soils with hardened plinthite or in soils that respond to expensive management and additional inputs (Lal,1988). 2.8.4 Off Site Effects of Soil Erosion. Effects of erosion include siltation of rivers, crop failure at low lying areas due to flooding, pollution of waterbodies due to the various chemicals brought by the runoff from different areas. Several studies reported the significance of the off site effects of soil erosion on land degradation (eg. Wall and ven Den,1987; Lo, 1990; Robertson and Colletti, 1994; Petkovic et al, 1999) Rainwater washes away materials that originate from fertilizers and various biocides (fungicides, insecticides, herbicides and pesticides) which are applied in large concentrations. They reappear in greatr quantities in the hydrosphere polluting and contaminating the water environment (Zachar,1982;Withers, and Lord, 2002; Verstraeten and Poesen, 2002). Chemical pollution of water mainly by organic matter from farm fields causes rapid eutrophication in waterways (Zachar, 1982;Zakova et al, 1993; Lijklema, 1995). 2.8.5 Soil Erosion Models Modelling soil erosion is the process of mathematically describing soil particle detachment, transport and deposition on land surfaces (Nearing et al, 1994). Erosion models are used as predictive tools for assessing soil loss and project planning. They can also be used for understanding erosion processes and their impacts (Nearing et al 1994). There are three main types of models, empirical or statistical models, conceptual models and physically based models (Morgan 1995, Nearing et al 1994, Merritt et al 2003). It is important to note however that there is no sharp difference among them. 2.8.5.1 Physically Based Models These models are based on solving fundamental physical equations describing stream flow and sediment and associated nutrient generations in a specific catchment (Merritt et al ., 2003). They are developed to predict the spatial distribution of runoff and sediment over land surfaces during individual storms in addition to total runoff and soil loss (Morgan, 1995). Physically based models are also called process based models (Morgan, 1995) as they rely on empirical equations to determine erosion processes. These models use a particular differential equation known as the continuity equation which is a statement of conservation of matter as it moves through space over time. The common physically based models used in water quality studies and erosion include : The Areal Non-Point Source Watershed Environment Response Simulation (ANSWERS) (Beasley et al., 1980), Chemical Runoff and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems (CREAMS) (Knisel, 1980), Griffith University Erosion System Temp late (GUEST) (Misra and Rose, 1996), European Soil Erosion Model (EUROSEM) (Morgan, 1998), Productivity, Erosion and Runoff, Functions to Evaluate Conservation Techniques (PERFECT) (Littleboy et al., 1992) and Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) (Laflen et al., 1991). 2.8.5.2 Empirical Mode

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Essay -- Botany

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative aerobic bacterium with a rod shape, belonging to the family Pseudomonadadaceae. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a free living bacterium commonly found in soil, water, and occasionally on the surfaces of plants and the normal flora of animals (Todar, 2008). It acts as an opportunistic pathogen of humans and will infect almost any compromised tissue causing a range of infections from urinary tract infections, bacteremia, and a variety of systemic infections; especially in those with a compromised immune system (Todar, 2008). The infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa can be frustrating to clinicians because of its resistance to antibiotics. Primarily a nosocomial pathogen, it is known to cause ten percent of hospital-acquired infections (Todar, 2008). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is motile by means of a single polar flagellum used for adhesion and invasion during bacterial infection. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is omnipresent in soil and water or surfaces that come in contact with soil or water; as well as all manmade reservoirs. Its metabolism is always respiratory, but it will grow in the absence of oxygen if nitrous oxide is available to work as a respiratory electron acceptor (Todar, 2008). Its most favorable temperature for growth is thirty-seven degrees Celsius, but it can grow in temperatures as high as forty-two degrees (Medscape, 2009). In nature, Pseudomonas is a fast-swimming hearty bacterium because of its flagellum (Medscape, 2009). It has very simple nutritional requirements, making it easy to thrive almost anywhere. Organic growth factors are not required, yet it can use over seventy-five organic compounds for growth (Todar, 2008). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is tolerant of many conditio... ...the best way to treat an infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but it cannot always be prevented. Most strains are susceptible to gentamicin, tobramycin, and fluoroquinolins, but resistant strands have emerged making treatment virtually impossible (Todar, 2008). Works Cited Blackwell, Timothy S and Christman, John W. and Prince, Alice S. and Sadikot, Ruxana T. (2005). American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. In Pathogen-Host Interactions in Pseudamonas Pneumonia. Retrieved October 18, 2011, from http://ajrccm.atsjournals.org/cgi/content/short/171/11/1209 Todar, Kenneth PhD., Textbook of Bacteriology. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin, 2008. Medscape. (December 9th, 2009). Drugs, Diseases, and Procedures. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections. Retrieved October 30, 2011, from http://emedicine.medscape.com.

Preparing for Death While Embracing Life Essay -- essays research pape

The process of dying begins at birth. Each of us know that someday we will die, but we don't generally like to think or talk about it. The topic of death is often taboo in our society. Because of this, we are often unprepared when we are faced with the final stages of the dying process with someone we love. Attitudes and concepts about death and dying vary greatly. Death refers to the actual physical ending of life, while dying refers to the process of coming to that end. Most people do not simply stop breathing. It is often a slow, lingering, unwinding process that can take days, weeks, or months. Even the actively dying process can occur over a period of hours or days. Observing this process can be extremely difficult for loved ones. Some people experience the symptoms of being close to death and then, for some unexplained reason their condition may begin to improve a little. The family's hopes soar, only to be dashed again, as the loved one's condition deteriorates. These roller-coaster changes can be emotionally and physically exhausting for caregivers. Most of the fear of death is really fear of the unknown. Education and open discussion about the events that will occur can relieve much of the fear patients and families experience. Each death is different, a touching and special drama, just as each birth is. And usually the act of dying requires some assistance, just as the act of giving birth does. Because each person's death is unique, it is difficult to state exactly what will happen in each situation. This particular period of time is one of the most difficult times you and your family will experience. Some people believe that preparing for a death is the most difficult part of losing a loved one. Friends and family members may feel helpless as their loved one comes closer to death. Fear of the inevitable, sorrow, and anticipating the grief to come are common and can be completely exhausting. Many people who have a serious illness may anticipate their own passing and experience a range of emotions as well. A grief counselor can help an ill person work to resolve issues and, perhaps, achieve a level of peace with the inevitable. On a more practical note, there are issues that can be resolved during the period of physical decline that may lead to greater peace of mind. The person's will should be drawn up or updated and any other personal matter... ...son whom you have named as "successor Trustee" takes over your Trust. This person is in charge of taking care of the property under the Trust or of distributing the property to the beneficiaries you specified within the Trust. Remember, before you take the legal action of creating a trust, it is almost always in your best interest to consult a lawyer for more information and guidance. So as you can see, there are many ways to deal with death while one is still alive. It is important that one realizes that these means are not there to â€Å"rattle Death’s cage† as some people have put it, but for more practical means, such as taking care of the one’s left behind. Bibliography Ø Mannino, Davis J. Grieving Days, Healing Days. Allyn and Bacon Ø Kubler-Ross, E. On Death and Dying. Simon and Schuster Ø http://www2.seniorcareweb.com/senior/legal/guardianship/default.htm Ø http://www2.seniorcareweb.com/senior/legal/living_wills/default.htm Ø http://www2.seniorcareweb.com/senior/legal/power_of_attor/default.htm Ø http://www2.seniorcareweb.com/senior/legal/wills/default.htm Ø http://www2.seniorcareweb.com/senior/legal/assets_and_tru/default.htm

biodiversity Essay -- essays research papers

"BIODIVERSITY" Biodiversity, as defined by E.O. Wilson, "is meant to be all inclusive- it's the genetic based variation of living organisms at all levels, from the variety of genes in populations of single species, through species, on up to the array of natural ecosystems." This includes plants, animals, insects, fungi, bacteria, and all microorganisms. All of these things create what is known as a web. These things interact with each other in some way there for they depend on one another throughout their lifetime. There are many separate ways in which we can study biodiversity. These ways include, genetic, species, community, ecosystem, and taxonomic diversity. Biodiversity can be best number of species in a given area, or scientifically, "species richness." Today there is a biodiversity crisis facing us. This is caused mainly by the destruction of habitats. This dramatically increases the rate at which species decrease in number and become extinct. It is appalling to know that we are the main cause of this. Over fishing, pollution, over cutting, and an increase in population contribute to this problem. An example of this is the gold mining operation that we saw in the video. While mining, Mercury was dripping into the water. The mercury then got into the fish and into the humans who ate the fish. Biodiversity promotes a healthy environment. Environments...

Howard Schultz Essay

Organization culture has been defined and studied in many and varied ways. Culture is defined as the set of key values, beliefs, understandings, and norms shared by members of an organization (Daft, 2012). The culture of an organization is going to play a big role in the success of the company. No matter how big or how small the company is, maintaining a culture that all employees can live by. Having all employees on board with the company’s mission will pay off a great deal in the long run. Starbucks is one of the premier coffee shops in the United States and their mission tell consumers what they do to maintain a huge customer base, to inspire and nurture the human spirit – one person, one cup and one neighborhood at a time (www. starbucks. com). This paper will help consumers understand Starbucks’ organizational culture and the key leadership and management traits used to execute the business strategy. When people think coffee, they think Starbucks. Starbucks has become a hot commodity when it comes to consumers and their coffee. When people go to a Starbucks, they already know what they are getting, specialty coffee, great customer service and a nice cozy place to relax and just kick back. From the CEO on down to the baristas, Starbucks has developed a culture that sets them apart from other coffee shops around the world. Their success can be credited to the customer service. Anyone in a business knows that customer service is very important and can determine the success of a company. Starbucks thrives on ensuring that the baristas develop positive relationships with all customers. By doing this, customers will start to become loyal to the company. Loyal customers will keep Starbucks competitive in a market that a lot of people seem to be fond of because when people get up in the morning, nothing may be more refreshing then a cup of coffee. The Starbucks organization wants all its customers to feel like they are part of something special when they purchase a cup of Starbucks coffee. To help strengthen the culture, Starbucks focuses on being active in communities, in addition to their environmental responsibility, business ethics, open door policy, and their concern for the employees, customers, and stockholders, all these things make a strong positive organizational culture (Campbell, 2009). Within the organization, from the Starbucks executives down to the baristas, when it comes to maintaining the positive organizational culture that has been laid out for all employees, Starbucks separates themselves from many other coffee shops. The Starbucks management team has not based their success off of several things. Within the company the stores offer things that not many restaurants offer, such as Wi-Fi, exotic styles of coffee and a comfortable place to relax and enjoy a hot or cold coffee beverage. These things differ from other coffee spots in the world, so it makes Starbucks very unique. The innovative coffee styles that Starbucks uses attract the traditional coffee fanatic, as well as a new customer base. The styles of coffee will maintain customer loyalty and loyalty is one of Starbucks main focuses. The dedicated customers consist of business professionals and students. These are the individuals that Starbucks employees will see the most. The environment is made for them as well. For example, business men and women may go to Starbucks for lunch. It is comforting, quiet, and the store gives off a positive vibe. For students, it gives them a chance to indulge in a good beverage as well as take time out of their day to kick back and read a book or even catch up on a few homework assignments, whatever the case may be Starbucks offers an environment that others do not. To some consumers, having the coffee may just be a bonus; they really enjoy the environment Starbucks offers. According to brand expert Priya Raghubir, â€Å"Starbucks stands for coffee; it’s converted that into an experience, â€Å"People really have gotten to know Starbucks as the quintessential coffee shop, where they can sit and be welcome over a cup of coffee† (Shayon, 2013). As discussed previously, customer satisfaction is very important to the brand and company. Making customers feel at home by making Starbucks a cozy environment and providing free Wi-Fi keeps customers happy and keeps customers coming back. The management team coming up with these concepts really puts what they are trying to do as a company in prospective and also gives consumers an idea of what their company culture is. Throughout the company there are different management positions. It is the job of this team to attain organizational goals in an effective and efficient manner through planning, organizing, leading, and controlling organizational resources (Daft, 2012). Within the Starbucks culture one of the main focuses is the customers. With that being said a good management competency to have is communication. This is a very important skill to have because at Starbucks employees are constantly dealing with customers. Even at the executive level of management, communication is even more important because these are the individuals that are making the decisions that could affect the entire company as a whole. When those decisions are made they need to get communicated down to the baristas and everyone else in between. Communication fits perfectly within this company’s culture. Communicating things from the top to bottom tells all the employees what the main purpose of the company is. Communication helps maintain the culture throughout the whole company as well. For an organization like Starbucks were the focus is to keep customers coming back, the employees must communicate with them at a level that employees from other coffee shops just are not use to. With how Starbucks operates as a whole, they have made themselves the place to buy coffee, which they are not really known for. They are recognized for their great communication with the customers, with other employees, and the management team, and the goal is maintain this level of professionalism so the new and existing customers re-enter a Starbucks and always get the same exact experience no matter the location. â€Å"We’re not in the coffee business. It’s what we sell as a product but we’re in the people business hiring hundreds of employees a week, serving sixty million customers a week, it’s all human connection† (Gallo, 2012). Chief Executive Officer Howard Schultz is the man behind how this culture was developed; he is the one that drives the bus today. Back in the 1980’s Schultz had a vision to enhance the way people drink their coffee and he did just that. Starbucks coffee speaks for itself; it is the culture Schultz put in place that makes Starbucks unique and a nice environment to be in. Starbucks opened its first store March 30, 1971 with more than 17, 000 locations around the world (Gallo, 2012). Without Schultz, this company would not be what it is today. Since the early 70s the company has managed to emerge as a premier coffee in the world, and in the 80s with Schultz at the helm. In 2000, with Schultz not in the mix, things did not go as well as expected when he resigned. Eight years after his resignation; he was appointed as CEO again to help the company from the downward spiral they were on. Schultz stressed that is was going to take a lot to get Starbucks back to where they needed to be. It is clear that Schultz made a big impact on Starbucks when he was CEO, and when he was not CEO, the company took a bit of a plunge. Without Schultz, over time it seems like Starbucks may have not lasted. Answering the question, would Starbucks achieve long-term sustainability as a global leader in the coffee industry without Howard Shultz, the answer would have to be no. Just in a short period of time, the company managed to get away from the culture Shultz brought to the company. As an organization, it is their job to live up to the culture that was put in front of them. There have been many times in business where new leaders are appointed and they just do not live up to the expectations. This is a problem that can be fixed if communication is sustained as well. All companies develop or have a culture set in place already. Management plays a key role in developing and ensures that the culture is maintained. Starbucks is an organization that thrives off their culture and this is the reason why they are successful in the business world. They have set themselves apart from other coffee shops by focusing on things other than just the coffee, like the customers, the environment, and for business professionals and students, the Wi-Fi. The organizational culture at Starbucks may not be the best, but they are making a strong case for the organization. References Campbell, A. (2009, November 09). Organizational culture. EZine Articles, Retrieved from http://ezinearticles. com/? Organizational-Culture&id=3203513 July 23, 2013 Daft. (2012). Management. (10th ed. ). Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Gallo, C. (2012). Starbucks ceo: Lesson in communication skills. Forbes, Retrieved from http://www. success. com/articles/1272-rekindling-the-heart-soul-of-starbucks? page=2 July 23, 2013 Shayon, S. (2013, March 08). [Web log message]. Retrieved from http://www. brandchannel. com/home/post/Starbucks-Customer-Loyalty-030813. aspx July 23, 2013 .

Criminal Justice Careers Essay

AbstractThis paper reflects near culpable justice flights that leave booster me get endureledge and get a mend idea rough the c arr that I choose. Components of roughshod justice law of nature enforcement, acts, and corrections. A brief description about the c atomic number 18r, the requirements, and the hiring criteria the c atomic number 18er has. Tell why the flummox interest me, how does it relate to the career course of instruction that I want, and finally what Im looking for in gaining from the career.Keywords Crime pellet Investigation (CSI), word of honor Agent, and a apostrophize work.Law enforcement CSI single factor of the nefarious Justice career is law enforcement. in that respect are galore(postnominal) divers(prenominal) kinds of put-ons in law enforcement, barely the career that got close to of my attention was CSI. CSI stands for Crime burst Investigation. The CSI communication channel is to try out abhorrences further. They get to s tudy pictures of the abomination pic they collect evidence that will function them authorize what happened on the law-breaking. thither job is to solve who committed the crime. The requirements to live a crime scene detective are 1. Have a H.S lambskin (college ground level preferred by around agencies) 2. Valid drivers evidence 3. Successful completion of background probe 4. Law enforcement experience possibly indispensable for position of crime scene police detective (former(a) agencies hire civilian crime scene investigators). (Goodman, & Grimming, 2007)As I was saying in the first place some agencies require that first you thrust to be a police police officer to snuff it a Crime Scene Investigator. When you are a young put forward you must successfully complete a hurdle process, heart and soul that you gain to take different kinds of tests and background checks. For specimen the agencies volition check your outlaw eternalise, investigate your background , control al-Quran and credit history. There are also written trial runs which show the education skills and the understandings that you move over. This willing protagonist the police authorisation predict and tell who will do well in the police academy. (Peak, 2006)The hiring criteria that populate for this position are that you take a forcible agility test, personal interview, portion probe, medical examination and drug screening. The physiological agility test is important because you check to be healthy and most importantly you take on to be in shape. The debate why the police academy does this is because when you are a police officer you never recognize what is waiver to happen. You are going to face a lot of different situations and you are going to puzzle to be able to handle them. First you bring in to get out of the problem, meaning that you sport to run, climb etc. Second terminate the problem, sometimes you are going to fence with the offender so y ou probably pauperism to fight. Lastly, you need to remove the problem meaning that it often requires that the officer slew drive heavy weights. (Peak, 2006)The personal interview evaluates how the new recruit explains how they will be amaze in a certain situation and what will they do to solve it. The character investigation involves talking to the applicators past and current friends, teachers, and live just to investigate how they are. Polygraph examination tells whether the appli tail assemblyt is dependable. Since the job is stressful the appli put forwardt involve to be healthy so they energize to suffer a medical examination and a drug screening. The academy pedagogy shapes the officers attitudes. (Peak, 2006)I catch out this position elicit because as a child, I endlessly wanted to do something related to criminal justice. I didnt really exist what specifically I wanted to do, unless I had an idea. Ein truththing started when I was a elder in H.S I was taking a forensic science class and that really got my attention. It was really exciting class, we got to do a lot of projects and we actually dissected a frog and a baby pig. Thats when I started to think about existence in the CSI. I love to solve mysteries, I identical analyze things.The skills that I feed are that I standardised sketching. For example back when I was in H.S when we used to do crime labs I loved to draw what I saw. The solid ground why is because that helps me go back and analyze what happened. Ialso like investigating I like to think beyond the things that actually happened. This will really help me in congruous a crime scene investigator because you have to record everything you see and you have to collect evidence. You have to think beyond what you see because you have to try to find the person that did it. The insertion level salary range of $30,000- $40,000 depending on the agency. To be honest I acquiret really look at it for the money, this is something that I want to do, it what I like. (Goodman, & Grimming, 2007)department of corrections Parole AgentA nonher component of the Criminal Justice system is corrections. One of the jobs that the correction has is a parole operator. The ending for a parole actor is to shelter the man. The responsibility for a parole constituent is to assist ex- offenders so that they rump rectify to livelihood in a publish and free community. They are also prudent to prevent future criminal acts. They help the people fail a better person so that they can have a productive and normal live. Parole agents supervise the offenders who had been released from prison. (Careers in criminal, 2006)What the parole agent has to do is that they need to investigate the offender. For example the parole agent investigates the offenders background so that they can adjoin information and write reports for the parole gameboard hearings. Parole agents are able to step up arrest, hold, and release orders. They can photograph offender, crime victims or evidence. Parole agents also can perform alcohol and drug examen by observing, collecting and taking piss samples and testifying in courts. (Careers in criminal, 2006)The working conditions for a parole agent are that it requires traveling. They have to provide their own transportation and have to be on 24 time of day call. The situation may vary sometimes the parole agent may be assigned to high crime areas. By being a parole agent you are risking your bearing because you never know how the people are. They risk violence, vicious animals, visit unpleasant living conditions. (Careers in criminal, 2006)The qualifications and the job training that you need to be a parole agent are 1. lives or associates degree from authoritative educational institution 2. Must be able to carry a small-arm 3. Valid state drivers license 4. One or much than year experience in criminal justice, correction, law enforcement, social service, or a related compass 5. Parole agents may have to acquire and maintain testimony in unarmed self- defense, firearms, and pepper alter 6.Background check, drug screening, and or polygraph examination may be required. (Careers in criminal, 2006)I find this position interesting because I like part people. I think that everybody deserves a second change. People have to key from there own mistakes so that they will not commit it again. Everybody can be successful in life the only thing is that we have to try. To be honest when I help someone I feel happy because I know I did the right thing. Sometimes you cant do everything alone so you need a little push. I want to serve the community I want to help people to make the right decision and so that they can become better person. By doing this not only I am helping a person, but Im also helping the community become a safer place. tap Court ClerkCourt is another component of the criminal justice system. One of the jobs in the court is a court shop c lerk. The court clerk maintains the case records, and make believes statistical reports (secure information for judges). Court clerks are responsible to contact witness, attorneys, and litigants to catch information for the courts. There are many things that a court clerk has to do. A court clerk may prepare agendas for town or city councils reaction correspondence keep fiscal records and accounts record data collect fees file documents reclaim and deliver files and documents to court or get hold of parties and much more. Court clerks are very important because they are responsible for handling the majority of the courts administrative activities. (Careers in criminal, 2006)The qualifications to becoming a court clerk are 1. High school diplomaor GED 2. One or more years of increasingly responsible experience in court administration or other legal field 3. Associates or bachelors degree in court administration, criminal justice, public administration, or a related field 4. Va lid state drivers license. In order to become a court clerk you are required to have a background check, fingerprinting, and physical examination. You are also required to continue in the jurisdiction of employment. (Careers in criminal, 2006)I find this position interesting because in this career you learn how to be more responsible and organized. This position is very wakeless because you cant make mistakes. Everything depends on you. As I always say not everything is easy in life you have to struggle to get what you want. This can relate to my career path because in a court clerk you are also responsible in contacting witness, and attorneys which mover that its involving a crime or other situations.I am never going to give up Im always going to give it my all. I know that there are going to be obstacles in life that not everything is going to be easy, but I have to overcome them. zero point in this life is easy we have to work and struggle to get what we want. nought is goi ng to be given to our hands. The outmatch way to ensure my success and become who I want to be is to always keep going no point what until I reach my goal.ReferenceGoodman, D.J, & Grimming, R. (2007). bestow in criminal justice an a-z line to careers. amphetamine weight down River, New island of Jersey Pearson prentice Hall. Peak, K.J. (2006). Policing america challenges and best practices . Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall. Careers in criminal justice. (2006). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey Pearson Prentice Hall.